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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Holy Roman Empire
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In decline due to:
Reformation Religious wars of 16th, 17th Century German split into 300+ religiously diverse provinces |
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Ottoman Empire
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Built on expansion
1560: decline in Western expansion, disintegration of empire Sultan keeps power by rewarding conquered territory to loyalty, military service expansion checked by Russian, Austrian expansion "Sick Old Man of Europe" |
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Suleiman the Magnificent
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Most powerful European in 16th century
1529: conquered most Austria, Serbia, Balkans, Hungary, partrs of Russia |
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Janissary Corps
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Christian slaves (not talented enough for beauracracy) served loyally in Turkish army
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Poland
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Once powerful, undone by liberum veto
Divided between Russia, Austria, Prussia in 3 separate "Partitions of Poland" in 1770s, 1790s Disappears from map by 1800 |
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Serfdom
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early modern period: revived, reimposed in Eastern Europe
Bohemia, Silesia, Hungary, eastern Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Russia Black Death makes labor shortage, nobles demand movement frozen SUCKS |
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The Robot
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labor obligation of "free" (non-serf) peasants to give 3-4 days of labor a week to local lord w/out pay
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Liberum Veto
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voting in Polish Parliament had to be unanimous to change anythhing
Led to Poland's downfall |
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Austrian Empire
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Hapsburg: Ruler, HRE
Naples, Sardinia, Milan (in Italy) Austrian Netherlands (Belgium) Hungary and Transylvania (Romania) |
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Bohemia
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Czech nobility wiped out
Ferdinand II redistributed Czech lands to aristocratic soldiers from all over Europe Serf conditions declined |
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Hungary
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Largest part of Austria Proper
Serfdom intensified |
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Leopold I
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1658-1705
Jesuit influence, restricted Protestantism Defended Vienna from Ottoman Turks in Seige of Vienna Hapsburg Austrian Ruler |
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Siege of Vienna
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1683
Austria protected from Ottoman Turks by Leopold |
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Prussia
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Ruled by Hohenzollerns
"Sandbox of Europe" Brandenburg: one of 7 HRE electors |
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Hohenzollerns
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Rulers of Prussia, started with Frederick William (Great Elector)
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Frederick William, Great Elector
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1640-1688
Hohenzollern ruler of Brandenburg Nephew of Gustavus Adolphus Well educated Religiously tolerant Calvinist Industry, foreign trade Canal Local governments, central gov in Berlin |
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Junkers
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Dominated Prussian military officer corps
Nobility of the Sword (Prussia) Dominated estates of Brandenburg and Prussia |
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Frederick William I
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"Soldiers" King
Most important in building Prussia absolutism Army: 45,000 to 80,000 Militarism: part of Prussian society: virtue |
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Sparta of the North
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Prussia
Result of Prussian militarism under Frederick William I |
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Moscovy
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Most important principality of later Russia
Rulers: difficult in centralizing One prince of Moscow |
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Boyers
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Russian military
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Ivan III (the Great)
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1442-1505
Ended Mongol domination of Russia Established himself as hereditary ruler of Moscovy Moscow: new center of Orthodox Church: 3rd Rome Leader of Orthodox Church |
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Ivan IV (The Terrible)
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Grandson of Ivan III
tsar married a Romanov expanded territory: Black Sea, Far East, Baltic Region 25 unsuccessful wars against Poland/Lithuania 25 years of required military service Time of Troubles Died without heir |
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Cossacks
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Outlaw armies, attacked sporadically
Result of shitty conditions of peasants/serfdom |
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Time of Troubles
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Under Ivan IV
1584-1613 Period of war, power struggles, and famine in Russia Sweden and Poland conquered Moscow |
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Romanov Dynasty
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Semski sobor: estates general, elected them
Michael Romanov in 1613 Favored nobles to gain support Ruled from 1613-1917 Expanded Russia to Pacific |
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Old Believers
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Raskolnikovs
Insisted all efforts to westernize were bad persecuted by the government protested by burning themselves to death |
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Peter the Great
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1682-1725
7 ft tall, strong Toured parts of Europe in "disguise" determined to westernize Russia Beard Tax |
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The Revolt of Strelski
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1698
Moscow guard Successfully overthrown previous leaders Crushed |
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Window on the West
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Latvia and Estonia in Baltiic Sea after Treaty of Nystad
St. Petersburg: warm water port |
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St. Petersburg
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Similar to Amsterdam
Winter Palace 1725: largest city in Northern Europe Capital of Russia Construction began in 1703 Conscripted peasant labor |
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Winter Palace
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Baroque palace of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg
Russian Versailles |
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Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
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Legal mechanism designed to ensure that the Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Charles VI's daughter, Maria Theresa.
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