Ap English Language And Composition

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ad hominem argument

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"to or against the man" this is an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect

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allegory

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the device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. Ex: the characters personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. The allegorical meaning usually deals with oral truth or a generalization about human existence

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alliteration

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repetition of sounds, esp. consonant sounds in 2+ neighboring words. Can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, and/or supply a musical sound

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allusion

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direct/indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book,myth,place,or art. Historical, literary, religious, or mythical.

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ambiguity

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multiple meanings,(unintentional/intentional), of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage

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analogy

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a similarity or comparison between 2 diff things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something familiar. Can make writing more vivid, imaginative, and intellectually engaging.

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antecedent

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word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun

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antithesis

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seeming contadiction of ideas, words, clauses, or sentences within a balanced gramatical structure. This parallelism emphasizes opposition of ideas.Ex: "Too black for heaven, too white for hell"

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aphorism

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terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle. Can be a emorable summation of the author's point. If authorship is unknown. considered a folk proverb

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apostrophe

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directly adresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity.

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atmosphere

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emotional mood createx by the enirety of a literary work, est. partly by the setting and the author's choice of objects that are describe. Ex: weather can contribute. Foreshadows events frequently
see mood

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caricature

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a representation esp. pictoral or literary, in which the subject;s distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect.Sometimes can be so exaggerated that it becomes a grotesque imitation or misrepresentation. Synonyms: burlesque, parody, travesty, satire, lampoon.