Ap Chapter Two

Front 1

Zhou Dynasty

Back 1

Zhou kings ruled for about 900 years, making their dynasty the longest in Chinese history.

Front 2

Feudalism

Back 2

The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service

Front 3

Shi huangdi

Back 3

Founder of the brief Qin dynasty

Front 4

Qin dynasty

Back 4

Established in 221 B.C.E. at the end of the Warring states period following the decline of the Zhou Dynasty

Front 5

Han dynasty

Back 5

Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 B.C.E.

Front 6

Confucius

Back 6

Also known as Kung Fuzi; major Chinese philosopher born in 6th century. Philosophy based on the need for restoration of order through advice of superior men to be found among the shi

Front 7

Great Wall

Back 7

Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north

Front 8

Mandate of heaven

Back 8

ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that heaven granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly.

Front 9

Warring states period

Back 9

The 250 years between 475 and 221 B.C

E.; region of the Zhou Dynasty was divided between 8 states

Front 10

Laozi

Back 10

Ancient Chinese philosopher and writer

Front 11

Legalism

Back 11

dependence on moral law rather than on personal religious faith.

Front 12

Daosim

Back 12

Religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin with an emphasis on living in harmony with, and in accordance to the natural flow or cosmic structural order of the universe commonly referred to as the Tao

Front 13

Buddha

Back 13

religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions

Front 14

Alexander the great

Back 14

King of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty

Front 15

Mahabharata

Back 15

one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India.

Front 16

Ramayana

Back 16

first of two Sanskrit itihāsas or ancient Indian epic poems

Front 17

Upanishads

Back 17

collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts of Hinduism

Front 18

Varnas

Back 18

A Sanskrit word which means type, order, colour or class

Front 19

Untouchables

Back 19

also called Dalit, officially Scheduled Caste, formerly Harijan

Front 20

Indra

Back 20

leader of the Devas and the lord of Svargaloka or a level of Heaven in Hinduism

Front 21

Chandragupta maurya

Back 21

founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify the north and south west of present-day India into one state

Front 22

Mauryan dynasty

Back 22

also known as the Mauryan Empire, was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India

Front 23

Ashoka Maurya

Back 23

Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE

Front 24

Dharma

Back 24

Hinduism

the principle of cosmic order.BUDDHISMthe teaching or religion of the Buddha.

Front 25

Gupta Dynasty

Back 25

ancient Indian empire, founded by Sri Gupta, which existed at its zenith from approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian subcontinent.

Front 26

Kautilya

Back 26

Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor

Front 27

Karma

Back 27

(in Hinduism and Buddhism) the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.

Front 28

Scholar-gentry

Back 28

Civil servants appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty.

Front 29

Shiva

Back 29

a period of seven days' formal mourning for the dead, beginning immediately after the funeral.

Front 30

Vishnu

Back 30

second god in the Hindu triumvirate (orTrimurti). The triumvirate consists of three gods who are responsible for the creation, upkeep and destruction of the world

Front 31

Buddhism

Back 31

religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha.

Front 32

Hinduism

Back 32

a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion

Front 33

Kamasutra

Back 33

ancient Indian text that was written to help teach men on how to have a happy marriage

Front 34

Nirvana

Back 34

(in Buddhism) a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth

Front 35

Reincarnation

Back 35

the rebirth of a soul in a new body.

Front 36

Himalayan mountain

Back 36

mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

Front 37

Aryans

Back 37

member of the ancient Aryan people.

Front 38

Sanskrit

Back 38

primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India.

Front 39

Ganges river

Back 39

trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through the nations of India and Bangladesh.

Front 40

Caste system

Back 40

class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too.

Front 41

Vedas

Back 41

the most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion.

Front 42

Chandra Gupta

Back 42

founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify the north and south west of present-day India into one state.

Front 43

Chandra Gupta

Back 43

founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify the north and south west of present-day India into one state.