A&p Ch4-5

Front 1

Found lining trachea

Back 1

Pseodostratified columnar epithelium

Front 2

Transitional epithelium is found

Back 2

Urinary bladder, ureters, urine collecting chambers in kidney

Front 3

Surface of skin

Back 3

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 4

Lining of small intestine

Back 4

Simple columnar epithelium

Front 5

Simple squamous epithelium

Back 5

Lining of peritoneum and pericardium, exchange surfaces (alveoli) within lungs

Front 6

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 6

Lining of exocrine glands and ducts, kidney tubules

Front 7

Ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands

Back 7

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Front 8

The embryonic germ layer from which the skin and nervous system are derived is

Back 8

ectoderm

Front 9

All of these characteristics correctly describe epithelial cells EXCEPT:
A) cover surfaces, either outside or inside the body.
B) usually have a free surface and a basal surface.
C) have little extracellular material between them.
D) have specialized cell contacts, such as tight junctions and desmosomes.
E) capillaries penetrate the basement membrane to provide a good blood supply

Back 9

E) capillaries penetrate the basement membrane to provide a good blood supply

Front 10

The skin and the nervous system are derived from the

Back 10

ectoderm

Front 11

Tall, thin epithelial cells with only some cells reaching the free surface, but with all cells attached to the basement membrane are called

Back 11

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 12

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in the

Back 12

skin

Front 13

Epithelial cells that can stretch from a cuboidal or columnar shape to a squamous shape are called

Back 13

transitional epithelium

Front 14

In which of these locations would pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium intermixed with goblet cells be found?

Back 14

lining of nasal cavity and trachea

Front 15

The lining of blood vessels is covered with

Back 15

simple squamous epithelium

Front 16

Which of these cell connections attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane

Back 16

hemidesmosomes

Front 17

The __________ are part of tight junctions and form a permeability barrier between adjacent cells

Back 17

zonula occludens

Front 18

Gap junctions

A) are small protein channels between cells.
B) can function to coordinate movements of cilia.
C) allow ions and small molecules to pass between cells.
D) are found in intercalated disks in cardiac muscle cells.
E) all of these

Back 18

E all of these

Front 19

Glands that produce hormones are

Back 19

endocrine

Front 20

Glands that secrete substances with no actual loss of cellular material are

Back 20

merocrine

Front 21

Branching glands that terminate in saclike structures are called

Back 21

compound acinar

Front 22

Which of these is NOT found in connective tissue?

A) hyaluronic acid
B) basement membrane
C) collagen fibers
D) fluid
E) reticular fibers

Back 22

basement membrane

Front 23

Connective tissue cells that produce the extracellular matrix are called

Back 23

blast cells

Front 24

The connective tissue that forms "packing" around organs and attaches the skin to underlying structures is

Back 24

loose (areolar).

Front 25

In which of these locations is dense irregular collagenous connective tissue found?

A) walls of large arteries
B) tendons
C) nuchal ligament
D) dermis of the skin
E) reticular tissue

Back 25

dermis of the skin

Front 26

Hemopoietic tissue is found in

Back 26

red marrow

Front 27

A tissue with collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and chondrocytes is

Back 27

cartilage

Front 28

Which of these tissues has cells located in lacunae?

A) adipose
B) blood
C) bone
D) cartilage
E) both c and d

Back 28

both c and d

Front 29

Which type of tissue is described by the following three characteristics?

1. matrix composed almost entirely of collagen fibers
2. fibers can all be oriented in the same direction or in many different directions
3. able to withstand great pulling forces in the direction of fiber orientation

Back 29

dense connective tissue

Front 30

Which of these substances gives cartilage the ability to spring back after being compressed?

A) reticular fibers
B) collagen fibers
C) elastic fibers
D) proteoglycan aggregates
E) adipocytes

Back 30

d proteoglycan aggregates

Front 31

Which of the following characteristics apply to hyaline cartilage?

1. more collagen than proteoglycans present
2. found in the trachea and bronchi
3. has many elastic fibers
4. appears glassy and translucent in the microscope
5. found between vertebrae

Back 31

2,4

Front 32

Which tissue possesses all of the following characteristics?

1. cells cylindrical in shape
2. striated
3. usually one nucleus per cell
4. often branched and connected by intercalated disks
5. under involuntary control

Back 32

cardiac muscle

Front 33

Which of these tissue types does NOT contain collagen fibers?

A) areolar connective tissue
B) dense regular connective tissue
C) skeletal muscle
D) cartilage
E) bone

Back 33

skeletal muscle

Front 34

In which of these tissues is hydroxyapatite found?

A) areolar connective tissue
B) dense regular connective tissue
C) skeletal muscle
D) cartilage
E) bone

Back 34

e-bone

Front 35

In which of these tissues are lamellae and trabeculae found?

A) areolar connective tissue
B) bone
C) dense regular connective tissue
D) skeletal muscle
E) cartilage

Back 35

bone

Front 36

In cartilage, blood vessels and nerves are located only in the

Back 36

perichondrium.

Front 37

Jimmy Flatout had an emergency appendectomy. As the surgeon cut through the abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity, all of these tissue types were cut EXCEPT:

A) dense irregular connective tissue.
B) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) skeletal muscle.
E) adipose tissue.

Back 37

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 38

In nerve cells, the __________ contains the nucleus and is the site of general cell functions.

Back 38

cell body

Front 39

In nerve cells, processes that conduct action potentials away from the cell body are

Back 39

axons

Front 40

Mesenchyme tissue, from which connective tissue is derived, is formed from neural crest cells and

Back 40

mesoderm

Front 41

Which of these membranes contains a layer of mesothelium?

A) mucous membrane
B) serous membrane
C) synovial membrane

Back 41

serous membrane

Front 42

__________ membranes line the pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural cavities.

Back 42

serous

Front 43

Inflammation of the membranes associated with the abdominopelvic cavity is called

Back 43

peritonitis

Front 44

Which of these is NOT a chemical mediator of inflammation?

A) histamine
B) kinins
C) leukotrienes
D) neutrophils
E) prostaglandins

Back 44

neutrophils

Front 45

Which of these processes occurs because of the release of chemical mediators of inflammation from injured tissues?

A) dilation of blood vessels
B) stimulation of pain receptors
C) increased permeability of blood vessels
D) edema
E) all of these

Back 45

all of these

Front 46

Which of these tissues readily regenerates following an injury?

A) skeletal muscle cells
B) cardiac muscle cells
C) smooth muscle cells
D) neurons
E) all of these

Back 46

smooth muscle cells

Front 47

Which of these cells are stable cells?

A) liver cells
B) mucous membrane cells
C) neurons
D) skeletal muscle cells
E) skin cells

Back 47

neurons

Front 48

are permanent cells with very limited ability to replicate and respond to injury.

Back 48

neurons

Front 49

Which of these processes does NOT occur in both primary and secondary union?

A) formation of granulation tissue
B) scar formation
C) clot formation from fibrin
D) pus formation from neutrophils that move into the tissue
E) wound contraction

Back 49

wound contraction

Front 50

mature cell of fibrous connective tissue

Back 50

fibrocyte

Front 51

spindle shaped or stellate cells that form connective tissue

Back 51

fibroblasts

Front 52

mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix

Back 52

osteocyte

Front 53

point of adhesion between cells. each contains a dense plate at the point of adhesion and a cementing extracellular material between the cells

Back 53

desmosome

Front 54

mucous producing epithelial cell that has its apical end distended with mucin

Back 54

goblet cell

Front 55

firm, smooth, resilient, nonvascular, connective tissue

Back 55

cartilage

Front 56

gland that secretes products with no loss of cellular material; an example is water producing sweat glands

Back 56

merocrine gland

Front 57

layer of connective tissue underlying the epithelium of a mucus membrane

Back 57

lamina propria

Front 58

double layered connective tissue sheath surrounding cartilage

Back 58

perichondrium

Front 59

gelatinous glossy cartilage tissue consisting of cartilage cells and their matrix, contains collagen, proteoglycans, and water

Back 59

hyaline cartilage

Front 60

small space or cavity, potential space within the matrix of bone or cartilage normally occupied by a cell that can only be visualized when the cell shrinks away during fixation

Back 60

lacuna

Front 61

space containing maternal blood within the placenta

Back 61

lacuna

Front 62

bone with a latticelike appearance, spongy bone

Back 62

cancellous bone

Front 63

small channel between cells that allows passage of ions and small molecules between cells

Back 63

gap junctions

Front 64

provides means of intercellular communication

Back 64

gap junction

Front 65

gland whose secretion is formed by the disintegration of entire cells

Back 65

holocrine glands

Front 66

mature cartilage cell

Back 66

chondrocyte

Front 67

a single layer of flattened cells forming an epithelium that lines serous cavities, such as peritoneum, pleura, pericardium

Back 67

mesothelium

Front 68

ropelike protein of the extracellular matrix

Back 68

collagen

Front 69

gland that secretes to a surface or outward through a duct

Back 69

exocrine gland

Front 70

A major function of the skin is protection from

A) abrasion.
B) ultraviolet light.
C) entry of microorganisms.
D) dehydration.
E) all of these

Back 70

all of these

Front 71

The layer of skin that is composed of dense connective tissue and has projections called papillae is the

A) dermis.


B) hypodermis.


C) stratum corneum.


D) stratum basale.


E) stratum lucidum

Back 71

dermis

Front 72

Striae occur as a result of

Back 72

over stretching the dermis

Front 73

This layer contains loose connective tissue and has about half of the body's stored fat

Back 73

hypodermis

Front 74

The specific layer that shapes the ridges for fingerprints and footprints is the

A) hypodermis.


B) papillary layer of the dermis.


C) reticular layer of the dermis.


D) underlying muscle layer.


E) superficial bony layer

Back 74

B

Front 75

The epidermis is nourished by diffusion from capillaries in the

Back 75

papillary layer of the dermis

Front 76

Cell division occurs in which layer of the epidermis?

Back 76

stratum basal

Front 77

The stratum germinativum includes both the stratum basale and the

Back 77

stratum spinosum

Front 78

In which layer of epidermis do the nucleus and other organelles disintegrate, and the cells die?

Back 78

stratum granulosome

Front 79

The __________ consists of many layers of dead squamous cells surrounded by lipids.

Back 79

stratum corneum

Front 80

In which of these layers are melanocytes found?

Back 80

stratum basale

Front 81

Thick skin

A) usually lacks the stratum lucidum.


B) is typically found on the back.


C) does not produce hair.


D) (unlike thin skin) develops calluses and corns.


E) all of these

Back 81

c

Front 82

Most of the cells of the epidermis are

Back 82

keritinocytes

Front 83

Which of these statements is true regarding keratinization?

A) The deepest cells are located in the stratum corneum.


B) Epithelial cells eventually die and produce an outer layer of cells.


C) The stratum corneum has cuboidal or columnar cells that undergo mitotic division.


D) The stratum basale can thicken to produce a callus.


E) The newest cells are found in the outer layer of cells.

Back 83

b

Front 84

Cyanosis is a condition caused by

Back 84

decrease in blood oxygen

Front 85

Concerning skin color, which of these statements is correctly matched?

A) Skin appears yellow = not enough oxygen in blood.


B) Pale skin = shock.


C) Skin tans = increased carotene in stratum corneum.


D) Dark skin = less melanin than light skin.


E) Pregnancy = decrease in the production of melanin.

Back 85

b

Front 86

Melanin

A) production occurs in melanocytes and keratinocytes.


B) is packaged into vesicles called melanosomes.


C) is present in large quantities on the soles of the feet.


D) is responsible for skin color, but not hair color.


E) all of these

Back 86

b

Front 87

All of these conditions increase the amount of melanin in the skin EXCEPT:

A) exposure to ultraviolet light.


B) pregnancy.


C) Addison's disease.


D) vitiligo.


E) freckles.

Back 87

d

Front 88

Which type of burn is described by all of the following characteristics? 1. epidermis and dermis destroyed 2. initially painless 3. much scar tissue formed

Back 88

third degree burn

Front 89

According to "the rule of nines," a man burned extensively on his head and both upper limbs has burns on __________ percent of his body.

Back 89

27

Front 90

Which of these is the type of hair found on the fetus, but is not present after birth?

A) terminal hair


B) lanugo


C) vellus hair


D) both a and b

Back 90

b

Front 91

"Peach fuzz" found on the face of a 1-year old baby is

Back 91

vellus

Front 92

Terminal hair

A) is found in greater quantity in adult females than in adult males.


B) decreases at puberty.


C) is found on eyebrows and eyelids.


D) is fine, unpigmented hair.


E) is found only on the toes

Back 92

c

Front 93

The outermost layer of the hair shaft is the

Back 93

cuticle

Front 94

The hair follicle

A) has an epithelial root sheath and a dermal root sheath.


B) can provide epithelial cells for skin repair.


C) contains only the stratum germinativum at the hair bulb.


D) has an arrector pili muscle attached.


E) all of these

Back 94

e

Front 95

Hair is formed from epithelial cells in the

Back 95

matrix

Front 96

Scalp hairs can grow longer than eyelash hairs because

Back 96

the growth stage for scalp hairs is longer than for eyelash hairs.

Front 97

After the resting stage of hair growth, each hair normally

Back 97

falls out

Front 98

Arrector pili muscles

A) consist of skeletal muscle fibers.


B) are attached directly to the hair shaft.


C) contract in response to frightening situations.


D) cause sweat glands to contract.


E) assist in the production of sebum.

Back 98

c

Front 99

Pattern baldness"

A) occurs only in men.


B) is not genetic.


C) occurs when vellus hairs are replaced by terminal hairs.


D) involves the hormone testosterone.


E) all of these

Back 99

d

Front 100

Which glands of the skin possess all of the following characteristics? 1. secrete oily, white substance rich in lipids 2. open into a hair follicle 3. during secretion, lysis and death of secretory cells occurs

Back 100

sebaceous

Front 101

Which of these parts of the body have the most merocrine sweat glands?

A) margins of the lips


B) soles of the feet


C) forearm


D) leg


E) back of neck

Back 101

soles of feet

Front 102

Apocrine sweat glands

A) are found everywhere in the body except the palms of the hands.


B) produce secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce odor.


C) are functional even in babies.


D) are located in the external auditory meatus.


E) produce cerumen

Back 102

b

Front 103

Nails

A) grow from the nail matrix.


B) have a resting stage, similar to hair.


C) have a visible part, which is the nail bed.


D) have a hyponychium, which is the whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail.


E) contain proteoglycans and chondrocytes.

Back 103

a

Front 104

The nail is __________ that contains hard keratin.

Back 104

stratum corneum

Front 105

Which of these events occur as a result of a decrease in body temperature?

A) blood vessels in the epidermis dilate, at first


B) blood vessels in the dermis constrict if skin temperature falls below 15 degrees C


C) contraction of arrector pili muscles


D) sweat is produced


E) all of these

Back 105

c

Front 106

Protective functions of the integumentary system include all of these EXCEPT:

A) callus formation prevents damage by friction.


B) nails protect the ends of digits.


C) hairs in the nose and ears prevent entry of foreign materials.


D) hair protects the head from abrasion and ultraviolet light.


E) skin glands produce alkaline secretions that kill bacteria.

Back 106

e

Front 107

As a result of aging, the skin

A) increases the amount of elastic fibers in the dermis.


B) becomes thicker.


C) has decreased blood flow.


D) has increased activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands.


E) generally increases the amount of melanin produced

Back 107

c

Front 108

Which of these is NOT considered to be a cause of acne?

A) hormones, especially testosterone


B) a diet rich in fatty foods and chocolate


C) abnormal keratinization of hair follicles


D) an increase in sebum production


E) the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes

Back 108

b

Front 109

Which of these qualities must a medication possess if it is absorbed from a skin patch?

A) lipid-soluble


B) water-soluble


C) must contain keratin


D) must be slightly acidic


E) must contain melanin

Back 109

lipid soluble

Front 110

a group of related molecules responsible for skin, hair and eye color

Back 110

melanin

Front 111

several layers of dead epithelium containing hard keratin on the ends of digits

Back 111

nail

Front 112

a small nipple like process. projection of the dermis, containing blood vessels and nerves into epidermis. projections on surface of tongue

Back 112

papilla

Front 113

layers of cells in epidermis filled w granulles of keratohyalin

Back 113

stratum granulosome

Front 114

long course usually pigmented hair, found on scalp eyebrows eyelids and replacing vellus hair

Back 114

terminal hair

Front 115

gland of skin, associated with hair follicle, produces sebum

Back 115

sebaceous gland

Front 116

found on palms toes and tips of digits and has all 5 epidermal strata

Back 116

thick skin

Front 117

dense irregular connective tissue that forms deep layer of skin

Back 117

dermis

Front 118

non-membrane bound protein granules in cytoplasm of stratum granulosome cells of the epidermis

Back 118

keritohyalin

Front 119

reduced blood supply to some area of body

Back 119

ischemia

Front 120

loose areolar connective tissue found deep in dermis that connects skin to muscle or bone

Back 120

hypodermis

Front 121

short, fine unpigmented hair covers body, usually replaced at puberty

Back 121

vellus

Front 122

layer of many sided cells in epidermis w intercellular connections(desmosomes) give cells spiny appearance

Back 122

stratum spinosum

Front 123

outer thin layer, usually horny, for example the outer covering of hair or the growth of stratum corneum onto the nail

Back 123

cuticle

Front 124

columns of dead keratinized epithelial cells

Back 124

hair

Front 125

dendritic cell named after German anatomist Paul Langerhans, found in skin

Back 125

Langerhans cells

Front 126

basal or deepest layer of epidermis

Back 126

stratum basale

Front 127

most superficial layer of epidermis consisting of flat keratinized dead cells

Back 127

stratum corneum

Front 128

peeling or scaling off superficial cells of the stratum corneum

Back 128

desquamate

Front 129

cell found mainly in stratum basale that produces brown or black pigment melanin

Back 129

melanocyte

Front 130

membranous organelle containing the pigment melanin

Back 130

melanosome

Front 131

outer portion of skin formed of epithelial tissue that rests on or covers the dermis

Back 131

epidermis

Front 132

The most common form of skin cancer is

Back 132

basal cell carcinoma

Front 133

A burn that involves the entire epidermis and some of the dermis is a

Back 133

second degree

Front 134

Perspiration is the substance produced by

Back 134

sudoriferous glands.

Front 135

The bundle of smooth muscles associated with hair follicles is called

Back 135

arrector pili

Front 136

All of the following are accessory organs of the skin EXCEPT
hair
nails
pain receptors
sweat glands

Back 136

pain receptors

Front 137

The cells producing the pigment responsible for skin color are the

Back 137

melanocytes

Front 138

The protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissue is

Back 138

keratin

Front 139

All of the following are functions of the skin EXCEPT
protection
vitamin B synthesis
temperature regulation
sensation

Back 139

vit b synthesis

Front 140

The outermost layer of the skin is the

Back 140

epidermis

Front 141

A group of tissues that performs a specific function is a(n)

Back 141

organ

Front 142

"Simple squamous" is a type of epithelial tissue-t/f

Back 142

T

Front 143

Glands, such as liver, are made of epithelial tissuet/f

Back 143

t

Front 144

Hollow organs, such as the stomach and urinary bladder, are made of epithelial tissue.t/f

Back 144

t

Front 145

Blood is an epithelial tissuet/f

Back 145

f

Front 146

Fat is a specific type of nervous tissue.t/f

Back 146

f

Front 147

Skeletal, smooth, and glandular are the three types of muscle tissue

Back 147

f

Front 148

Cilia can frequently be found on connective tissuet/f

Back 148

f

Front 149

Fat, or adipose tissue, is a specific type of connective tissuet/f

Back 149

t

Front 150

Cancer typically starts with epithelial tissue, but this not always the caset/f

Back 150

t

Front 151

Tendons and ligaments are both types of connective tissuet/f

Back 151

t

Front 152

Can contract and relax

Back 152

muscle tissue

Front 153

Lines hollow organs

Back 153

epithelial tissues

Front 154

Blood

Back 154

connective tissue

Front 155

Fat (Adipose tissue

Back 155

connective tissue

Front 156

Bone tissue

Back 156

connective tissue

Front 157

Skeletal and smooth

Back 157

muscle tissue

Front 158

Cartilage

Back 158

connective tissue

Front 159

Forms glands

Back 159

epithelial tissue

Front 160

Which type of tissue protects, absorbs, secretes, and excretes?

Back 160

epithelial

Front 161

Epithelium that appears layered due to the varying levels at which nuclei are found in cells, but in reality is not layered, is

Back 161

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 162

Keratinization occurs in this type of tissue, found in the epidermis of the skin

Back 162

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 163

An exocrine gland that loses small parts of its cell bodies during secretion, as is the case for the mammary gland, is further classified as a(

Back 163

apocrine

Front 164

Connective tissues are somewhat similar to epithelial tissues in all of these characteristics except

Back 164

they have abundant intercellular material (ground substance)

Front 165

Connective tissue fibers that have great tensile strength and can be found in ligaments and tendons are

Back 165

collagenous fibers

Front 166

The type of cartilage found in intervertebral disks of the spinal column is

Back 166

hyaline cartilage

Front 167

Which muscle tissue has many nuclei, is voluntary, and bears striations

Back 167

skeletal muscle

Front 168

What is true about elastic fibers in connective tissue? (p. 105)
stretchy
not as strong as collagen fibers
yellow in appearance
All of the above are correct.

Back 168

all of above

Front 169

What type of membrane lines the cavities and tubes that lead to the outside of the body

Back 169

mucous membrane

Front 170

The protective dead layer of cells of the outer epidermis is called the

Back 170

stratum corneum

Front 171

Adipose tissue is most abundant in the ________________ layer of the skin

Back 171

subcutaneous

Front 172

Sebaceous glands are classified as _____________ glands and secrete an oily mixture called ______________.

Back 172

holocrine; sebum

Front 173

Within nails, the most rapidly dividing cells can be found in the __________________.

Back 173

lunula

Front 174

It is the body's __________________ glands that respond to higher body temperature and release water to the skin surface

Back 174

eccrine sudoriferous (sweat

Front 175

What is true of red hair? (p. 120)
hair color is determined by genetics
red hair contains an iron-containing pigment, called trichosiderin
color is produced by melanocytes
all of the above

Back 175

all of above

Front 176

The body's normal response to injury is a sequence of events known as _______________.

Back 176

inflammation

Front 177

Hair develops from cells that lie within which layer of the skin

Back 177

epidermis

Front 178

Skin color is dependent upon ______________.

Back 178

good health, sun exposure, genetics

Front 179

Of the other major membranes of the body, _______________ membranes lack epithelial tissue and line joint cavities

Back 179

synovial

Front 180

Which of these responses is not associated with inflammation? (p. 125)
swelling
greater blood supply to area
lowered body temperature
All of these are associated with inflammation.

Back 180

all

Front 181

Melanocytes lie within the _________________ of the skin

Back 181

deep epidermis

Front 182

lining of trachea

Back 182

psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Front 183

surface of skin

Back 183

stratified squamous

Front 184

lining of small intestines

Back 184

simple columnar

Front 185

lining of peritoneum, pericardium, exchange surfaces(alveoli) within lungs

Back 185

simple squamous epithelium

Front 186

lining of exocrine glands and ducts, kidney tubules

Back 186

simple cuboidal

Front 187

ducts of sweat and mammary glands

Back 187

stratified cuboidal

Front 188

term meaning no blood vessels

Back 188

avascular

Front 189

gland whose glandular cells form blind pockets

Back 189

alveolar (acinar) gland

Front 190

type of epithelium that withstands stretching and changes in appearance

Back 190

transitional

Front 191

cell junction formed by partial fusion of lipid portions of two plasma membranes

Back 191

occluding junction

Front 192

complex structure attached to basal surface of an epithelium

Back 192

basal lamina

Front 193

gland that has single duct

Back 193

simple gland

Front 194

type of epithelium lining subdivisions of ventral body cavity

Back 194

mesothelium,(simple squamous)

Front 195

in gap junction, 2 cells are held together by proteins called

Back 195

connexons- make up gap junctions

Front 196

2 criteria for naming tissue

Back 196

how many cell layers, shape

Front 197

foundation for tissues that make up basement membrane

Back 197

type 1 collagen fibers

Front 198

a protein product used to connect cell to bottom

Back 198

hemidesmosome

Front 199

adhesion protein in cells

Back 199

hemidesmosomes

Front 200

prevent microorganisms from invading cells found in apical lateral part of tissue

Back 200

tite junction

Front 201

forms mucosal areas, lubricated moist pink tissue

Back 201

nonkeratinized squamous

Front 202

make mucas inside nonkeratinized squamous epithelial (gi tract)

Back 202

goblet cells

Front 203

transitional cells found in bladder are

Back 203

cuboidal

Front 204

waxy barrier forms skin, provides moisture, keeps skin from being invaded

Back 204

keratinized

Front 205

serumen(ear wax) is type of

Back 205

holocrine gland, secretes entire cell

Front 206

have cilia to sweep out dirt, dust and mucos from lungs

Back 206

psuedostratified columnar

Front 207

absorption of nutrients

Back 207

simple columnar

Front 208

phallopian tubes help fertilization by sweeping egg to uterus

Back 208

ciliated columnar

Front 209

collection of cells form specified task

Back 209

tissue

Front 210

makes up basement membrane

Back 210

type 1 collagen fibers

Front 211

adhesion protein holds cell to basement membrane

Back 211

hemidesmosome

Front 212

protein channel that allows communication between cells

Back 212

gap junction

Front 213

prevents microoorganisms from slipping between cells

Back 213

tite junction

Front 214

adhesion protein allows cells to attach on side cells

Back 214

desmosomes

Front 215

cell has to allow for gas exchange

Back 215

simple squamous found in alveoli and capillaries

Front 216

cell located in fallopian tubes

Back 216

simple ciliated columnar

Front 217

tissue located in bronchi of lungs help sweep up matter and mucus away from alveoli

Back 217

psuedostratified

Front 218

stratum corneum

Back 218

dead cells on top layer of skin

Front 219

stratum has mature cells producing keratin

Back 219

stratum granulosum

Front 220

cells found in stratum basale

Back 220

germative cell and their kerotinocytes, and melanocytes

Front 221

melanocytes produce

Back 221

melanin-pigments

Front 222

melanin absorbs

Back 222

uva and uvb rays

Front 223

dermis- muscle attached to hair folicle

Back 223

arrector pili

Front 224

sebacous gland produces

Back 224

oil

Front 225

sweat gland in axillary area

Back 225

apocrine

Front 226

spiral nerve ending that detects pressure or sensory info

Back 226

tactile and lamellated corpuscles

Front 227

blood vessels are located in

Back 227

dermis

Front 228

dermal propillal are ___ separates dermis from epidermis

Back 228

fingerprints- ridges, grooves, hills and valleys of skin

Front 229

primary function of skin

Back 229

protection, control temp regulation, sensory input, water control,

Front 230

what strata is modified version of fingernail

Back 230

stratum corneum

Front 231

melanocytes package melanin in vescicles called

Back 231

melanosomes

Front 232

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 232

vaginal vault, oral, cavity nasal cavity mucosal surfaces

Front 233

cancer usually related to nonkeratinized squamous epithelium

Back 233

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 234

deadliest skin cancer

Back 234

melanoma

Front 235

name of cell that lays collagen in cartilage

Back 235

chondrocytes

Front 236

space that chondrocytes reside in

Back 236

lacunae

Front 237

type of cartilage found in ear

Back 237

elastic

Front 238

cartilage found in joint spaces

Back 238

hylane

Front 239

cartilage found in discs

Back 239

fiber cartilage

Front 240

type of tissue comprises ligaments

Back 240

dense regular connective

Front 241

type of tissue found in dermis

Back 241

dense irregular connective

Front 242

loose connective tissue found in spleen allow blood cells to go through collagen fiber

Back 242

reticular connective tissue

Front 243

loose connective tissue found in hypodermis used for insulation

Back 243

adipose tissue

Front 244

muscle tissue associated with terculated discs

Back 244

cardiac

Front 245

interculated discs are used for

Back 245

cell to cell communication- just like gap junctions

Front 246

type of muscle tissue under voluntary control

Back 246

skeletal /striated

Front 247

3 ccell types associated with bone

Back 247

osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

Front 248

cell tears bone down

Back 248

osteoclast

Front 249

cell builds bone up

Back 249

osteoblast

Front 250

maintains bone

Back 250

osteocytes

Front 251

name of space bone cells are found in

Back 251

lacunae

Front 252

3 elements that comprise an osteon

Back 252

central canal, lamella, osteocytes inside lacunae

Front 253

part of neuron that receives electrical impulse

Back 253

dendrite

Front 254

emits electrical impulse

Back 254

axon

Front 255

type of cell milinates peripheral nervous system axons

Back 255

schwann cells

Front 256

cells that milenate central nervous system axons

Back 256

ogliodendrocytes

Front 257

pericardium membranes

Back 257

heart

Front 258

pleural membranes

Back 258

lungs

Front 259

hypodermis has mostly

Back 259

adipose tissue

Front 260

cleavage lines run

Back 260

perpendicular to muscle

Front 261

constitutes how muscle is arranged

Back 261

cleavage lines

Front 262

squamous cell carcinoma is characterised with

Back 262

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelia

Front 263

orange pigment

Back 263

keratine

Front 264

lays down collagen in tissue repair

Back 264

fibroblasts

Front 265

lays down collagen in cartilage

Back 265

chondrocytes

Front 266

have microvili which increase surface area for absorption

Back 266

simple columnar epithelia

Front 267

has collagen fibers laid in matrix of ground substance, proteins, and lipids

Back 267

loose connective tissue

Front 268

adipose tissue makes up most of

Back 268

loose connective tissue

Front 269

forms spleen, liver, kidney, allows cells to migrate through but gives stability

Back 269

reticular connective tissue

Front 270

rows of collagen laid parellel to each other, ligaments and tendons, lots of strength when stretched, and flexible

Back 270

dense regular connective tissue

Front 271

found in dermis, gives stability and protection, not as strong or durable because collagen is not in parallel fashion

Back 271

dense irregular connective tissue

Front 272

collagen type 4 fibers make up

Back 272

cartilagenous tissues

Front 273

chondrocytes are responsible for ___ and located in ___

Back 273

laying down cartilagenous material in cartilage, lacunae in matrix

Front 274

found in joint spaces, water cushion and shock absorber

Back 274

hyaline cartilage

Front 275

protects ends of long bones, and decreases friction at ends of long bones allowing synovial fluid motion

Back 275

hyaline cartilage

Front 276

found in appendages, nose, ears, allows structures to be deformed and go back to regular structure

Back 276

elastic cartilage

Front 277

cartilage contains both ___ and ___ in matrix

Back 277

elastic and collagen

Front 278

durable, found in interpertible discs

Back 278

fibrocartilage

Front 279

jelly like substance found in interpertible discs

Back 279

nucleus proposis

Front 280

external band that holds jelly inside interpertible discs- has fibro cartilage, if torn or cut can lead to

Back 280

annulous fibrosis, herniated disc

Front 281

2 types of cartilagenous growth

Back 281

collagen more on top of others-appositional(ends of long bones), collagen growing in matrix-interstitial growth(fibrocartilage)

Front 282

bone tissue is comprised of 3 cells

Back 282

osteoblast-build, osteoclast-break down/remodel, osteocytes-maintain bone

Front 283

structure found in bone consists of 3 components- osteon

Back 283

central canal (haversion canal where blood vessels are found)
concentric lamella (rings of bone around central canal)
osteocytes in lacunae

Front 284

2 types of bone

Back 284

spongy and compact

Front 285

found in epiphisial regions- tips of bones(epiphesis) and in medular area

Back 285

spongy bones

Front 286

make up shaft of bone(diaphesis)

Back 286

compact bone

Front 287

3 muscle tissue types

Back 287

skeletal-voluntary control, cardiac-involuntary-interculated discs allow cell communication to release contraction, and smooth-involuntary found in gut, blood vessels for basal dialation and constriction (autonomic nervous control)

Front 288

nerve tissue is made up of

Back 288

neurons- cells comprised of axon-deliver impulses, dendrites-receive impulses, and body-processes inputs

Front 289

___act as signaling system and communication system via___

Back 289

neurons, action potentials

Front 290

nerves depolarize and form electrical impulses along the membrane

Back 290

action potentials

Front 291

positive ions outside cell flood inside cell in negative charge changing it to positive charge making electrical current along membrane

Back 291

depolarization

Front 292

found in areas of gas exchange, alveoli(air sacs in lungs) can change oxygen and carbon monoxide

Back 292

simple squamous epithelium

Front 293

forms skin, barrier to protect against forces and abrassions

Back 293

keratinized stratified squamous

Front 294

forms mucosal surfaces, usually moist pink

Back 294

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Front 295

glandular structures are formed from___ because they get fat juicy and secrete products like sweat and oil

Back 295

simple cuboidal

Front 296

excellent for absorption of nutrients found in gi tract

Back 296

simple columnar

Front 297

found in fallopian tubes

Back 297

cilliated columnar

Front 298

found in respiratory tree and lungs

Back 298

psuedostratified cilliated columnar

Front 299

organ for covering "skin"

Back 299

integument

Front 300

4 functions of skin

Back 300

barrier, heat regulator, retention of body fluids, 1st primary sensory organ

Front 301

5 layers called strata located in

Back 301

epidermis

Front 302

deepest layer of epidermis have germative cells that divide rapidly to make new skin cells, and melanocytes to provide pigment and protection from sun rays

Back 302

strata basalic

Front 303

2nd strata gets maturation of skin cells and get shape

Back 303

stratum spinosum

Front 304

3rd layer of epidermis- mature skin cells produce keratin

Back 304

stratum granulosum

Front 305

majority of skin, last layer, dead cells and keratin gives strong barrier and water proof

Back 305

stratum corneum

Front 306

stratum lucidem is located on

Back 306

soles and palms- 5th layer only found on these 2 areas

Front 307

specialized structures in area of skin, blood vessels, hair folicles, elastic fibers for stretching

Back 307

dermis

Front 308

hair grows intermitently and then

Back 308

stops and detaches so it can fall out when pushed up by new hair

Front 309

hair folicle is attached to arrector pili and

Back 309

sebaceous gland to keep it lubricated from breaking off

Front 310

arrector pili will make hair stand up under 2 conditions

Back 310

cold and fright

Front 311

2 types of sweat glands

Back 311

merocrine (most of skin only produces water and salt) and apocrine(water and salt and waste from cell portions causing odor)

Front 312

nerve endings that sense pressure and relays info to brain

Back 312

corpuscles

Front 313

areolar tissue, adipose tissue, insulation and buffer against forces

Back 313

hypodermis

Front 314

pigment molecules give orange pigment usually in fair skin

Back 314

keratines

Front 315

everyone has same number of ___ but the genetic makeup to produce ___ is different making ppl different colors

Back 315

melanocytes, melanin

Front 316

allows for calcium absorption for bones

Back 316

vitamin d - w/out it can cause rickets disease, deformity of bones

Front 317

a cartilage cell

Back 317

chondrocyte

Front 318

a type of cartilage that has a matrix with little ground substance and large amounts of collagen fibers

Back 318

fiberous cartilage

Front 319

cells that store lipid reserves

Back 319

adipocytes

Front 320

membrane that lines mobile joint cavities

Back 320

synovial membrane

Front 321

membrane covers the surface of body

Back 321

cutaneous membrane

Front 322

seperates cartilage from surrounding tissues

Back 322

perichondrium

Front 323

1st thing that happens in wound

Back 323

clot formation to stop bleeding

Front 324

2nd step of wound healing

Back 324

recruitment of fibroblast cells to lay down collagen and wbc to fight infection

Front 325

3rd stage of wound healing

Back 325

after clot is cleared out, collagen is laid down and active germative cells restore cells to that region

Front 326

4th stage of wound healing

Back 326

wound closure, places that did not get closed with new cells are closed with collagen cells(scar tissue)

Front 327

neurons consist of ___ and processes callec ___ ____

Back 327

body axon dendrites

Front 328

supporting cells found in nervous tissue

Back 328

neuroglia

Front 329

extends from cell body and carries info to other cells

Back 329

axon

Front 330

intercellular junction between cardiac muscle cells

Back 330

interculated discs

Front 331

muscle tissue that contains large multinucleate striated cells

Back 331

skeletal

Front 332

muscle tissue that regulates diameter of blood vessels and respiratory passageways

Back 332

smooth

Front 333

repair process occurs after inflammation has subsided

Back 333

regeneration

Front 334

first process in a tissues response to injury

Back 334

inflammation

Front 335

hypodermis is also called ___ and constist of ___ and ____

Back 335

subcutaneous layer, connective tissue and fat cells

Front 336

reticular layer of dermis consists of dense irregular tissue and ___

Back 336

collagen fibers

Front 337

papillary region of dermis consists of loose connective tissue, capillaries and

Back 337

nerves

Front 338

scar tissue that forms a raised thickened mass

Back 338

keloid

Front 339

epithelial fold not visible from the surface

Back 339

nail root

Front 340

site of hair production

Back 340

reticular layer of dermis

Front 341

oily lipid secretion

Back 341

sebum

Front 342

melanocytes metastasize through the lymphatic system

Back 342

malignant melanoma

Front 343

abundant in palms and soles

Back 343

merocrine glands