Controlling the movement of water in tissues is necessary for the production of thin, free flowing mucus.…
The aryepiglottic folds connect the front epiglottis cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage to create the top part of larynx. This was seen as two fold like structures, seen in the aditus. 2. After cutting through the muscular structures and removing the trachea the arytenoid cartilage, thyroid…
The next journal article called, “Immediate Effect of Laryngeal Manual Therapy in Dysphonic Individuals”, focused on investigating the immediate effect of Laryngeal Manual Therapy (LMT) in musculoskeletal pain, in voice, and sensations of individuals with and without functional dysphonia. Individuals with this type of dysphonia suffer from pain of extrinsic laryngeal muscles and postural changes. Typically, the treatment for this type of dysphonia included laryngeal massages and postural changes of the neck and shoulder. Furthermore, this type of treatment was referred as manual therapy. Additionally, the benefits of manual therapy have been extensively researched in the past.…
The sinuses are lined with mucus and cilia to again stop any bacteria or unwanted air particles from traveling with us. We continue our way through the sinuses and into the pharynx which has even more cilia and mucus! Oh, wait. What’s that flap ahead of us? This “flap” is the epiglottis.…
Digestive Test this in n out burger consisting of cheese, meat, tomato, lettuce, onions and the magical secret sauce will first go through the mouth. When it goes through the mouth you chew it with your teeth forming a mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion is physically breaking down the food with your tongue and teeth. Saliva has enzyme amylase which begin with the chemical digestion of starches into sugars. It also contains water, mucus and electrolytes.…
By increasing space in the thoracic cavity, this causes a decrease in pressure therefore allowing air to rush into the lungs. The trachea divides into smaller airways called bronchi. As bronchi divide farther…
Epithelium cells are cells that line the body’s organs and when they are improperly functioning, this can lead to problems with the organs. Normal epithelial cells mucus that protects the body’s tissues. The epithelial cells in cystic fibrosis patients don’t produce viscous mucus like they should, so the thick mucus produced clogs both the airways and the intestinal track. Patients who do not have CF have properly functioning CTFR chloride channels that allow chloride ions to leave the cell, and water to follow via osmosis. This way there in a chloride balance inside and outside of the cell, and the mucus is watery and acts as a lubricant.…
The mucus is secreted or discharged during different parts of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. The mucus is secreted from the cervix to protect the reproductive organs from opportunistic pathogens and invading bacteria and/or pathogens. Additionally, when ovulation has occurred, the mucus evolves and acts as a safe passage way for sperm to travel. This is why many women experience an increase in mucus…
Alveoli is the tertiary bronchi further branch to form small tubes that are called bronchioles. It contains alveolar ducts, which end in alveolar sacs and alveoli is a bud from the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs. Type I is a squamous alveolar cell that function to do gas exchange, type II is a great alveolar cell because it keeps the alveoli from collapsing by secreting surfactant which reduces surface tension of the water contain in your lungs. Alveolar macrophages are dust cells that are the immune defense. The respiratory membrane is formed by type I alveolar cells by the alveolus wall and a capillary wall, it’s where gas exchange occurs.…
Explanation of a microbiological algorithm for Hospital-acquired and Ventilator associated pneumonia. This algorithm is intended to deal with the microbiological aspects of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The severity of the illness is important in determining when to collect the diagnostic samples and which antimicrobials to administer due to which organisms are present. There are many prognostic scoring systems used to suggest the severity of the disease in patients e.g., The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System and the Mortality Predictor Model.…
Hereditary Spherocytosis is a condition in which red blood cells are shaped like spheres instead of flat discs. Because of their unusual shape, the HS red blood cells have difficulty passing through the spleen, the organ that rids the blood of dead cells and bacteria. Those affected by this condition experience anemia, jaundice, and an enlarged spleen (NLM “Hereditary Spherocytosis”).…
One of the most fundamental skills of a pre-hospital EMS provider is management of the airway. Having the knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the pediatric airway along with the various tools now at our disposal, have allowed the opportunity to have a much more successful rate of securing the pediatric airway. The one thing to remember is, “Kids are not small adults!”…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. It's caused by smoking cigarettes or long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter. Your lungs are directly affected by COPD, because air travels down your trachea and into your lungs through the bronchi. The bronchi are divided into many smaller tubes or bronchioles that end in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli. Your lungs rely on the natural elasticity of the bronchioles and alveoli to force air out of your body.…
Chronic Bronchitis Have you ever tried to breathe through a straw? Imagine living your entire life breathing through a straw. Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD live that on a daily basis. COPD is a progressive disease that gets worse over time, effecting the lungs of the patients suffering from it making very difficult to breathe. Smoking is the leading cause in patients who have COPD however, an exposure over a long period of time to lung irritants has been known to cause this disease.…
One of the main functions of the equine respiratory system is to trap debris. The horses nasal cavity is lined with ciliated epithelium, which produces mucus and is equipped with cilia.1 Air-borne debris gets trapped in the sticky mucus as it enters the nasal cavity and the cilia move from side to side in order to move the mucus toward the throat.1 When the debris-filled mucus reaches the throat, it can then be swallowed and digested or expelled through coughing.1 Research has shown that nearly half of the horse population has obtained some sort of lung disorder that is typically caused by small dust particles and individual hygiene issues that are related to the particles.2 Since these problems are affecting nearly half of the horse population,…