A&p Ch.16 Pg 489-513

Front 1

respiratory system

Back 1

muscles responsible for the changing shape of the thoracic cavity that allows air to move in and out of the lungs

Front 2

homeostatic mechanism

Back 2

a system that maintains a constant enviroment enabling body cells to function effectively

Front 3

sinus

Back 3

a space or cavity inside some structures of the body, as inside the cranial bones(paranasal sinuses) and inside a lymph node; some large viens are also called sinuses

Front 4

olfaction

Back 4

sense of smell

Front 5

pharynx

Back 5

organ of the digestive and respiratory system; commonly called the throat

Front 6

larynx

Back 6

the voice box located just bellow the pharynx; the largest piece of cartilage making up the larynx is the thyroid cartilage, commonly known as the "Adam's apple"

Front 7

trachea

Back 7

the windpipe; the tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi

Front 8

bronchi

Back 8

the branches of the trachea

Front 9

lung

Back 9

organ of respiration; the right lung has three lobes and the left has two lobes

Front 10

alveoli

Back 10

alveolus is plural - literally, a small cavity; alveoli of lungs are microscopic saclike dialation of terminal bronchioles

Front 11

respiratory membrane

Back 11

the single layer of cells that makes up the wall of the aleoli

Front 12

respiratory tract

Back 12

the two dividions of the respiratory system are the upper and lower respiratory tracts

Front 13

respiratory muscosa

Back 13

mucus-covered membrane that lines the tubes of the resiratory tree

Front 14

external nares

Back 14

nostrils

Front 15

nasal cavity

Back 15

the moist, warm cavities lined by mucosa located just beyond the nostrils; olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa

Front 16

nasal septum

Back 16

a partition that seperates the right and left nasal cavities

Front 17

nasal polyps

Back 17

painless, non-cancerous tissue growths that project from nasal mucosa

Front 18

paranasal sinuses

Back 18

four pairs of sinuses that have openings into the nose

Front 19

conchea

Back 19

shell-shaped structure; for example,bony projections into the nasal cavity

Front 20

nasopharynx

Back 20

the uppermost portion of the tube just behind the nasal cavities

Front 21

oropharynx

Back 21

the portion of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth

Front 22

laryngopharynx

Back 22

the lowest part of the pharynx

Front 23

eustachian tube

Back 23

tube extending from inside the ear to the throat to equilize air pressure; also called the autitory tube

Front 24

voacal cords

Back 24

bands of tissue in larynx responsible for the production of sound(speach)

Front 25

glottis

Back 25

the space between the vocal cord

Front 26

epiglottis

Back 26

lidlike cartilage overhanging the entrance to the larynx

Front 27

rhinitis

Back 27

inflamation of the nasal mucosa pften caused by nasal infections

Front 28

pharyngitis

Back 28

soar throat; inflammation or infection of the pharynx

Front 29

laryngitis

Back 29

inflammation of the mucous tissues of the larynx

Front 30

mucus vs mucosa

Back 30

mucus= thick slippery substance that is secreated by the mucous membrane and keeps the membrane moist.
mucosa= mucous membrane

Front 31

epistaxis

Back 31

clinical term for a bloody nose

Front 32

primary bronchi

Back 32

first branches of the trachea(right and left primary brochi)

Front 33

secondary bronchi

Back 33

smaller bronchial branches resulting from division of primary bronchi

Front 34

bronchioles

Back 34

small branches of a bronchus

Front 35

alveolar duct

Back 35

airway that branches from the smallest bronchioles; alveolar sacs arise from the alveolar ducts

Front 36

surfactant

Back 36

a substance covering the surface of the respiratory membrane inside the alveolus; it reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from colapsing

Front 37

respiratory distress syndrome

Back 37

difficulty in breathing caused by absence or failure of the surfactant in fluid lining the alveoli of the lung; IRDS is infant respiratory distress syndrome; ARDS is Adult " " "

Front 38

pleura

Back 38

the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity

Front 39

pleurisy

Back 39

inflammation of the pleura

Front 40

atelectasis

Back 40

total or partial collapse of the alveoli of the lung

Front 41

pneumothorax

Back 41

abnormal condition in which air is present in the pleural space surrounding the lung, possibly causing collapse of the lung

Front 42

hemothorax

Back 42

abnormal condition in which blood is present in the pleural space surrounding the lung, possibly causing collapse of the lung

Front 43

respiration

Back 43

breathing or pulmonary ventilation

Front 44

pulmonary ventilation

Back 44

breathing; process that moves air in and out of the lungs

Front 45

external respiration

Back 45

the exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood

Front 46

cellular respiration

Back 46

enzymes in the mitochondrial wall and matriz using oqygen to break down glucose and other nutrients to release energy needed for cellular work

Front 47

insperation

Back 47

moving air onto the lungs; also known as inhalation, oposite of exhalation or expiration

Front 48

expiration

Back 48

moving air out of the lungs; also known as exhalation

Front 49

inspiratory muscles

Back 49

the muscles that increase the size of the thorax, including the diaphragm and external intercostals, and allow air to rush into the lungs

Front 50

diaphragm

Back 50

membrane or partition that separates one this from another, the flat muscular sheet that seperates the thorax and abdomen and its major muscle of respiration

Front 51

phrenic nerve

Back 51

the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract

Front 52

expiratory muscles

Back 52

muscles that allow more forceful expiration to increase the rate and depth of ventalation; the internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles

Front 53

oxyhemoglobin

Back 53

hemoglobin combined with oxygen

Front 54

carbaminohemoglobin

Back 54

compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin

Front 55

carbon dioxide

Back 55

molecule made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms; produced by processes of cellular respiration as a waste product that must be excreated from the body through the respiratory system

Front 56

spirometer

Back 56

an insterment that is used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing

Front 57

tital volume {TV}

Back 57

amount of air breathed in and out with each breath

Front 58

vital capacity {VC}

Back 58

largest amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in one inspiration and expiration

Front 59

expiratory reverse volume {ERV}

Back 59

the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tital volume {TV}

Front 60

inspiratory reverse volume {IRV}

Back 60

the amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal respitation

Front 61

Residual volume {RV}

Back 61

the air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration

Front 62

respiratory control centers

Back 62

centers located in the medulla and pons that simulate the muscles of respitation

Front 63

inspiratory center

Back 63

one of the two most important control centers located in the medulla; the other is the expiratory center

Front 64

expiratory center

Back 64

one of the two most important control centers located in the medulla; the other is inspiratory center

Front 65

chemoreceptors

Back 65

reseptors that respond to chemicals and and are responsible for taste and smell

Front 66

carotid body

Back 66

chemoreceptors located in the carotid artery that detects the changes in oxygen, carbon dioxide, and blood acid levels

Front 67

aortic body

Back 67

small cluster of chemosensitive cells that respond to carbon dioxide and oxygen levels

Front 68

eupnea

Back 68

normal respiration

Front 69

hyperventalation

Back 69

very rapid, deep respirations

Front 70

hypoventalation

Back 70

slow and shallow respirations

Front 71

dyspnea

Back 71

difficult or labored breathing

Front 72

orthopnea

Back 72

dyspnea(difficulty breathing)that is relieved after moving into an upright or sitting position

Front 73

apnea

Back 73

temporary cessation of breathing

Front 74

Cheyne-Stokes respiration {CSR}

Back 74

pattern of breathing associated with critical conditions such as brain injury or drug overdose and characterized by cycles of apnea and hyperventalation

Front 75

respiratory arrest

Back 75

cessation of breathing without resumption