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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a neuron? |
They conduct electrical impulses and contain projections called axons and dendrites |
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Is the somatic nervous system part of the CNS or PNS? |
PNS |
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What are axons sheathed by? |
Myelinated nerves |
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What are axons called when bundles together? |
White matter |
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What do transmission need to pass the synaptic cleft? |
Chemicals called neurotransmitters |
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What are the major regions of the adults brain? |
Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem |
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Where is the limbic system and what does it control? |
Parts of the cerebrum and diencephalon Emotions Motivation Mood Sensation of pain and pleasure |
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What does the cerebellum control? |
Coordinating muscle movement And balance of the body |
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What is the membrane called that surrounds the brain and spinal cord? What are the names its divided into? |
Meninges Dura matter Arachnoid Pia matter |
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How far does the spinal cord extend? |
From the base of the brain to the second lumbar vertebra then gives rise to the cauda equina |
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Which way are afferent and efferent nerves sent? |
Afferent- body to brain Efferent- brain to body |
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O O O TO TOUCH AND FEEL A GIRLS VAGINA A H |
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal accessory nerve Hypoglossal |
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What does the abducens nerve do? |
Lateral rectus muscle use of the eyeball |
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What does the accessory nerve do? |
Provides motor interaction to Soft palate Pharynx Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles Turn head and shrug shoulders |
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What does acetylcholiinesterase so? |
Enzyme that helps break down acetylcholine. |
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What is action potential? |
Electrochemical event where stimulation of one cell can cause excitation of another cell. |
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What does the olfactory nerve do? |
Provides sense of smell |
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What does the optic nerve do? |
Provide sense of vision |
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What is the trochlear nerve do? |
Allows downward gaze |
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What does the vestibulocochlear nerve do? |
Provides the senses of hearing and balance |
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What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve do? |
Provides motor fibers to the pharyngeal muscles |
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What does the vagus nerve do? |
Provides motor function to the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx |
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What does the hypoglossal nerve do? |
Provides motor function to the muscles of the tongue and throat |
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Where is epinephrine and norepinephrine produced? |
Adrenal glands |
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What is adrenergic? |
A description of a neuron that secretes the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. |
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Afferent- nerves bring signals to where? |
The brain |
Also called sensory nerves |
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Alpha and beta receptors are what kind of receptors? |
Adrenergic receptors |
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What are anterior spinothalamic tracts? |
Ascending fiber tracts that carry information to the brain about Light touch Pressure Tickling and itching sensation |
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Which layer is the arachnoid in your meninges? |
Middle |
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What are ascending tracts? |
Fibers that carry sensory information from the periphery to your brain |
Also called afferent tracts |
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What is the ascending reticular activating system? |
Several structures located throughout the brain stem that are responsible for maintenance of consciousness. |
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What does the axillary nerve allow the body to do? |
Enables arm abduction and lateral rotation |
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What is a basal ganglia? |
Found deep inside the cerebrum, diencephalon and midbrain they play an important role in the coordination of motor movements and posture |
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What is the brachial plexus? |
Plexus of spinal nerves from C5 to T1 Innervates the shoulder and upper extremity |
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What is the cauda equina? |
Numerous individual nerve roots that extend from the spinal cord at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. |
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What are cerebellar peduncles? |
One of three bands of nerve fibers in which the cerebellum communicates with other regions of the CNS. |
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What does the cerebellum control? |
Coordinating muscle movements |
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Whats another name for the cerebral cortex and what does it control? |
Cerebrum Controls higher thought process |
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What is cholinergic? |
A term used to describe the fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system that release acetylcholine |
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What is CSF made by and where? |
The choroid plexus cells in the ventricles of the brain |
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What are corticospinal tracts? |
Descending tracts that coordinate movements Especially hands |
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What is curare? |
An agent that blocks neural motor impulses at the neuromuscular junction. |
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Where are neurotransmitters released from? |
The vesicles in the dendrites |
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What is dermatome? |
An area of skin that corresponds to the sensory distribution of a specific cranial or spinal nerve. |
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What are descending tracts? |
Efferent tracts |
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Where is the diencephalon located and what parts of the brain does it include? |
It's between the brain stem and the cerebrum It includes the thalamus and the hypothalamus |
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Which layer is the dura mater in the meninges? |
Outermost |
Toughest |
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What is a flexor reflex? |
A withdraw reflex to the flexor muscles of the limbs that contract in response to an unpleasant stimulus. |
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What is the frontal lobe responsible for? |
Voluntary motor actions and personality traits |
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What are gyri? |
The numerous folds in the cerebrum. |
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What is the internal auditory meatus? |
A short canal through which auditory and facial nerves pass |
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What are intervertebral foraman? |
Opening between successive vertebrae through which nerves exit the vertebral column |
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What do the lateral spinothalamic tracts send information to the brain about? |
Pain and temperature |
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What is the longitudinal fissure? |
The crevasse that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum |
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What are muscarinic receptors? |
Receptors at the target tissue that are stimulated by acetylcholine |
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What is a myelin sheath? |
A membrane formed by shwann cells which cover axons of certain neurons. |
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What are neuroeffector cells? |
The target tissues of the ANS. |
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What are neuroganglia? |
They support, protect, defend and aid in the repair of injury of neural tissue Also regulate composition of nervous system interstitial fluid |
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What are neuromuscular blockers? |
A group of drugs derived from the curare that are used in anesthesia to induce muscle relaxation. |
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What are the nodes of Ranvier |
Regions in-between individual shwann cells in myelinated neurons, between which action potentials jump |
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Where does the olfactory bulb lie? |
Lies in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone |
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What is the optic chiasm? |
Location where about half of the nerve fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain |
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What is the optic foramina? |
The opening through which the optic nerves pass to reach each eyeball |
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Which layer is the pia mater in the meninges? |
Innermost |
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What is the pineal body? |
Pat of the epithalamus in the diencephalon |
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What is the post synaptic terminal? |
The end of a nerve where electrical impulses are received from the synaptic cleft |
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What are rootlets? |
Small nerves |
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What is sciatica? |
Pain and muscle weakness that travels from the back, into the buttocks, and along the leg into the foot as a result of irritation of the sciatic nerve or a lumbar spinal nerve root |
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What are spinal reflex arcs? |
Automatic reactions to stimuli mediated by neuronal pathways within the spinal cord that occur without conscious. |
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What is a sub arachnoid hemorrhage? |
A hemorrhage into the brain tissue beneath the arachnoid membrane |
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Where is the subarachnoid space? |
The space located between the pia mater and the arachnoid in which the cerebrospinal fluid is contained. |
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What is substantially nigra? |
a layer of gray matter located in the brain |
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What are sulci? |
Grooves located between the gyri in the cerebrum |
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What is white matter? |
Bundles of myelinated nerves. |
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What are neuroglia? |
One of two basic types of neural tissue neuroglia support, protect, defend, and aid in the repair of injury of neural tissue, and regulate composition of nervous system interstitial fluid |
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What are the two basic types cells in neural tissue? |
Neurons and neuroglia |
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What are nodes of Ranvier? |
Narrow gaps between the Swan cells |
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What divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres? |
The longitudinal fissure |
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What does the frontal lobe influence? |
Voluntary motor function Personality traits |
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What does the parietal lobe influence? |
Site of reception and evaluation for some sensory information. |
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What does occipital lobe influence? |
Responsible for the processing of visual information |
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What does the temporal lobe influence? |
Hearing and memory |
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What is the limbic system? |
Parts of the cerebrum and diencephalon Influences emotions, motivation, mood, sensation of pain and pleasure. |
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What spinal nerves are included in the cervical plexus? |
C1-C4 |
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What spinal nerves are included in the brachial plexus? |
C5-T1 |
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What spinal nerves are included in the lumbar plexus? |
L1-L4 |
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What spinal nerves are included in the sacral plexus? |
L4-S4 |
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What does the cervical plexus control? |
Provides control to the neck and posterior portion of the head. |
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What divisions does the brachial plexus divided into? |
Rami Trunks Divisions Branches Cords |
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What does the brachial plexus control? |
It controls the shoulder and upper extremity |
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What are the major nerves emanating from the brachial plexus? |
Musculocutaneous Ulnar Radial Median Axillary |
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What does the lumbosacral plexus control? |
The lower extremity, lower back, hip, lower abdomen |
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What are the major nerves emanating from the lumbosacral plexus? |
Femoral, obturator, fibula, common peroneal nerves |
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Combined what do we call the tibial and common peroneal nerve? |
The sciatic nerve |
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What is the largest peripheral nerve in your body? |
The sciatic nerve. |
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