A&p Ch.8

Front 1

Articulations

Back 1

Joints are also called

Front 2

Articulations

Back 2

Are points where bones meet

Front 3

300 joints

Back 3

The body contains over

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Hyoid bone in the neck

Back 4

Only bone without a joint is

Front 5

Joints are

Back 5

Completely immovable

Limited movement

Considerable movement

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Joint structures

Back 6

Allow the body to walk

run

dance

throw a ball

Type on computer

Front 7

Joint classified according to

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How movable they are : fixed, semi-movable, freely movable

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Fixed joints (fibrous joints ) are

Back 8

Bound by fibers

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Cartilaginous joints

Back 9

Semi-movable joints are joined by cartilage and are called

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Synovial joints

Back 10

Freely movable joints contain a fluid-filled joint capsule and are called

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Fibrous joints (synarthroses)

Back 11

When collagen fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone , anchoring the bones in place

Front 12

Fibrous joints

Back 12

Adult skull's suture joints ____

-once growth is complete , the bones of skull knit together securely

-offering protection to the brain

Front 13

Classification of joints

Back 13

1. Fibrous joints

2. Cartilaginous joints

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Cartilaginous joints ( amphiarthroses)

Back 14

Two bones are joined by cartilage

-slightly movable

Front 15

Symphysis

Back 15

Two pubic portions of the os coxae are joined by pad of cartilage called

- forming the joints known as the symphysis pubis

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Intervertebral discs

Back 16

Fibrocartilaginous pads reside between each vertebrae, making the vertebrae of spine cartaginous joints

Front 17

Fibrocartilaginous pads

Back 17

Absorb shock and allow for limited movement

Front 18

Arthrology

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Branch of science that studies joint structure ,function , and dysfunction is called

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Classification of joints

Back 19

-fibrous

-cartilaginous

Synovial

Front 20

Synovial joints (diarthroses)

Back 20

Are freely movable

- most numerous and versatile of all the body's joints

Front 21

Every synovial joint contains this structures:

Back 21

Joint capsule

Synovial membrane

Joint cavity

Synovial fluid

Articular cartilage

Ligaments

Front 22

Synovial : joint capsule

Back 22

Extending from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones is a sheet of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity

Front 23

Synovial membrane

Back 23

This moist ; slippery membrane lines the inside of the joint capsule, where it secrets synovial fluid

Front 24

Joint cavity

Back 24

This small space between the bones allows for freedom of movement .

- it also contains synovial fluid

Front 25

Synovial fluid

Back 25

A slippery, viscous fluid that has the consistency of an egg white

- it lubricates the joint , nourishes the cartilage and contains phagocytes to remove debris

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Articular cartilage

Back 26

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers the bone surfaces.

- in combination with synovial fluid , permits friction - free movement

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Ligaments

Back 27

Tough cords of connective tissue help bind the bones more firmly together

Front 28

**bursae in synovial joints

Back 28

Some joints -such as the knee, shoulder, and elbow - contain small sacs filled with synovial fluid called

- residing in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences., the ー facilitate movement and ease friction

Front 29

Types of synovial joints

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1. Ball and socket

2. Pivot

3. Hinge

4 saddle

5 condyloid

6. Gliding

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Ball and socket joint

Back 30

Head of the one bone fits into a cup like socket of another bone to form this joint to offer the widest range of motion of all joints

-ex : shoulder , hip

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Most range

Back 31

Ball and socket joint

Front 32

Pivot joint

Back 32

Projection from one bone articulates with a ring shaped socket of another bone, allowing the bones to rotate or ____.

Ex: dens of second cervical vertebra turns within a ring shaped portion of the first vertebra - allowing the head to rotate

Ex: radiounlar joint, head of the radius rotate within a groove of ulna

Front 33

Hinge joint

Back 33

Like a hinge on a door , this joints allow only back and forth movement (flexion and extension)

- to form this joint , the convex surface of one bone (such as a humerus) fits into a concave depression on another bone (such as ulna)

Ex: knee and interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes

Front 34

Saddle joint

Back 34

Surfaces from both bones in this joint are shaped like a surface of a ___.

- concave in one direction (front rear of curvature of horses saddle).

Ex: thumbs

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Condyloid joint

Back 35

Oval convex surface on one bone fit into a similarly shaped depression on another

Ex: articulation of distal end of radius with carpal bones of wrist as well. As the joint at the base of fingers

- this joints allow flexion and extension as well as side to side movement

Front 36

Gliding joint

Back 36

Two bones surface, which are relatively flat , slides over each other .

Surround ligaments limit the amount of moment

-making it least mobile of all synovial joints

Ex: tarsal bones of ankle , carpal bone of wrist and articular processes of vertebrae

Front 37

Movement KS of synovial joints depend on

Back 37

Upon the shape of joints , as well as involvement of nearly muscle, tendons ,ligament

Front 38

Flexion

Back 38

Involves bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint

Front 39

Extension

Back 39

Straightening a joint , increasing the angle between the bones

Front 40

Hyperextension

Back 40

Is the extreme extensions of a joint beyond its normally straight position

Front 41

Dorisflexion

Back 41

Moving the toes or foot upward

Front 42

Plantar flexion

Back 42

Moving the toes or foot downward ( toward the plantar surface).

Front 43

Abduction

Back 43

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Front 44

Adduction

Back 44

Movement of the body part toward the midline of the body

Front 45

Circumduction

Back 45

Distal end of an appendage, such as the arm or leg ,move in a circle

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Internal rotation

Back 46

Occurs when a bone spins toward the body's midline

Ex: femur undergoes internal rotation when you turn your foot toward the body's midline

Front 47

External rotation

Back 47

Occurs when a bone spins away from the body's midline

Ex: femur undergoes external rotation when your turn foot away from the midline of the body

Front 48

Supination

Back 48

Movement that turns the palm upward

Front 49

Inversion

Back 49

Foot movement that turns the sole medically toward the other foot

Front 50

Protraction

Back 50

Moves a part forward

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Retraction

Back 51

Moves a part backward

Front 52

Pronation

Back 52

Movement that turns the palm downward

Front 53

Eversion

Back 53

Foot moment that turns the sole laterally , away from the other foot

Front 54

Joints most often require medical attention are :

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Shoulder , elbows, knees, hip

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Shoulder

Back 55

Most likely to be dislocation joint

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Humeroscapular joint

Back 56

Shoulder

- denoting the articulation of the humerus with the scapula

Front 57

glenohumeral joint

Back 57

articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Front 58

ball and socket joint

Back 58

Of the shoulder has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body

- shoulder more mobile than stable

- shoulder is supported by a number of muscles, tendons, ligaments and bursae

Front 59

Shoulder joint is

Back 59

Supported by five principal ligaments and four bursae

Front 60

Shoulder dislocated

Back 60

Usually does so inferiorly , resulting a downward driving force

-bc the ratator cuff protects the joints except inferiorly

Front 61

Children are more prone too shoulder dislocations bc

Back 61

Their shoulders aren't fully ossified. Injuries mostly from jerked off the ground by one arm or from forceful tug on the arm

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Elbow

Back 62

Is a hinge joint consisting of two articulations : humeroulnar joint and humeroradial joint

Front 63

Knee or tibiofemoral joint

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The largest joint in the body , it's also the most complex

- contains 13 bursae which serve as a pad around the knee joint

Front 64

Knee: condyles

Back 64

Femur perch on the flat upper surface of the tibia

Front 65

Knee: 2 collateral ligaments

Back 65

1. Fibula collateral ligament

2. Tibial collateral ligament

- keep the knee from rotating when the joint is extended

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Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Back 66

Cross each other and further stabilize the knee .

Front 67

ACL

Back 67

Keeps the knee from hyperextending

Front 68

PCL

Back 68

Limits sideways motion

Front 69

Lateral meniscus and medial meniscus

Back 69

Two slightly concave pieces of fibrocartilage.

- cradle the condyles and absorb shock

Front 70

Which injury more knee or hip

Back 70

Knee does bc it used den stops or turn ,making knee injury one must Commons athletic injuries

Front 71

Hip

Back 71

- ball and socket joint

- more stable than shoulder

-hip socket : depression into which the head of femur sits - is much deeper than the socket of the shoulder joint

Front 72

Hip: several ligament help hold the femur in place

Back 72

When you stand, the ligaments twist , pulling the head of the femur into the acetabulum