A&p Ch. 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Science of body structures and relationships among them.

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Science of body functions and how body parts work.

Front 3

Organization of the Body

Back 3

Chemical, celluar, tissue, organ, system, organismal.

Front 4

Six basic life processes

Back 4

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

Front 5

Metabolism

Back 5

The sum of all chemical processes in the body. Two phases: 1) catabolism - breakdown 2) anabolism - build up

Front 6

Homeostasis

Back 6

Equilibrium in the body's internal environment through negative & positive feedback and the maintenance of the volume & composition of bodily fluids.

Front 7

Feedback systems

Back 7

A system to regulate the body's internal environment and return it to homeostasis. Positive and negative.

Front 8

Components of a feedback system

Back 8

1)Receptor - monitors change & sends input to a control center; 2) Control center - sets a range of values which should be maintained; 3) Effector - receives output from control center and produces a response.

Front 9

Negative feedback

Back 9

When a change in one direction triggers a response in the opposite direction. Ex) blood pressure

Front 10

Positive feedback

Back 10

When a change in one direction stimulates further change in the same direction. Ex) childbirth

Front 11

Compare/contrast positive & negative feedback

Back 11

Because PF reinforces change in a controlled condition, some event outside the system must shut it off. While NF slows then stops as the controlled condition returns to its normal state. PF are rare while NF is used more often.

Front 12

Anatomical position

Back 12

Stands erect, facing forward, feet flat, palms forward.

Front 13

Seven major regions of the body

Back 13

Head, neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb

Front 14

Anterior

Back 14

front

Front 15

Posterior

Back 15

back

Front 16

Proximal

Back 16

toward the origin

Front 17

Distal

Back 17

away from origin

Front 18

Superior

Back 18

toward the head, upper part of a structure

Front 19

Inferior

Back 19

away from the head, lower part of the structure

Front 20

Cranial

Back 20

top

Front 21

Caudal

Back 21

bottom

Front 22

Medial

Back 22

nearer to the midline

Front 23

Lateral

Back 23

Farther from the midline

Front 24

Superficial

Back 24

surface

Front 25

Deep

Back 25

deep

Front 26

Dorsal

Back 26

back

Front 27

Ventral

Back 27

front

Front 28

Sagittal Plane

Back 28

divides left and right

Front 29

Transverse Plane

Back 29

divides top and bottom (horizontal)

Front 30

Frontal Plane

Back 30

divides front and back (coronal)

Front 31

Midsagittal plane

Back 31

divides EQUALLY between right and left

Front 32

Two Major Body Cavities

Back 32

dorsal and ventral

Front 33

Dorsal Cavity

Back 33

along back, includes cranial and vertebral cavities

Front 34

Ventral Cavity

Back 34

in front, separated by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Front 35

Cranial cavity

Back 35

formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

Front 36

Vertebral Cavity

Back 36

formed by the vertebral column (backbone) and contains the spinal cord

Front 37

Thoracic cavity

Back 37

chest cavity; contains plueral, pericardial cavities, mediastinum

Front 38

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 38

subdived into abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 39

Pleural cavity

Back 39

each surrounds a lung; the sereous membrane of the pleural cavity is the pleura

Front 40

Pericardial cavity

Back 40

surrounds the heart; the sereous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium

Front 41

Mediastinum

Back 41

is a broad, median partition between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, it contains all contents of the thoracic cavity except the lungs.

Front 42

What's included in the mediastinum?

Back 42

heart and great vessels, esophagus, trachea, thymus

Front 43

Abdominal cavity

Back 43

stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of large intestine; serious membrane is called the peritoneum

Front 44

Pelvic cavity

Back 44

bladder, portions of the large intestine, reproduction

Front 45

Diaphragm

Back 45

dome-shaped muscles that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 46

Parietal membrane

Back 46

covers the wall of a cavity

Front 47

Visceral membrane

Back 47

covers an internal organ

Front 48

Upper Right Quadrant

Back 48

liver, gallbladder, r. kidney

Front 49

Upper Left Quadrant

Back 49

stomach, spleen, l. kidney

Front 50

Lower Right Quadrant

Back 50

appendix, cecum, r. ovary

Front 51

Lower Left Quadrant

Back 51

sigmoid colon, l. ovary

Front 52

Nine regions of the body (abdomen)

Back 52

In Order from Top to Bottom:
R/L - hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac
Epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric