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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process by which one species splits into two or more species is called...
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Speciation
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Changes over time in allele frequencies in a population is called...
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Microevolution
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The broad pattern of evolution over long time spans is known as...
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Macroevolution
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The primary definition of species used in this textbook is referred to as the...
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Biological species concept
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A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring is known as a...
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Species
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The existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from producing viable offspring is called...
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Reproductive isolation
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How are barriers that affect reproduction within similar species classified?
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By whether they contribute to reproductive isolation before or after fertilization
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Barriers that prevent members of different species from attempting to mate, that prevent an attempted mating from being successfully completed, or that hinder fertilization if a mating is successfully completed, are called...
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Prezygotic barriers
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What are barriers called that prevent alive, fertile offspring to be produced from two different species?
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Postzygotic barriers
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Habitat isolation, temporal (mating @ different times of day), behavioral (mate recognition), mechanical (puzzle pieces don't fit), and gametic isolation (egg and sperm will not fertilize when they come together) are all forms of...
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Prezygotic barriers
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Reduced hybrid viability, fertility (or total lack of fertility), or hybrid breakdown are all forms of...
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Postzygotic barriers
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What concept characterizes species by body shape and other structural features?
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The morphological species concept
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What concept views a species in terms of its ecological niche?
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The ecological species concept
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What concept defines a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life?
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The phylogenetic species concept
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T/F: Speciation can occur in two main ways, depending on how gene glow is interrupted between populations of the existing species.
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True
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What is allopatric speciation?
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When one species separates geographically or forms a different little colony within the homeland and evolves separately from the parent population.
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T/F: Places with geographic barriers tend to have allopatric speciation occur and are thus more diverse, and the reproductive isolation between two species generally increases with increasing distance apart.
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True
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In what does speciation occur in populations that live in the same geographic area?
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Sympatric speciation
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Polyploidy, habitat differentiation, and sexual selection are all ways that _ _ can occur.
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Sympatric speciation
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How can autopolyploidy create speciation?
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If a diploid plant cell doesn't divide correctly and creates a seed --> plant that is tetraploid, this is an autopolyploid. The plant can no longer reproduce with other diploids, only itself or other tetraploids, and so speciation/reproductive isolation occurs sympatrically.
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What is an allopolyploid?
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An hybrid that reproduces itself asexually until it turns into a fertile polyploid.
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What is a good example of habitat differentiation in speciation?
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One subpopulation of flies started eating apples off of trees instead of hawthorne fruit and so they are very separate and natural selection will begin to cause them to have reproductive isolation and speciate.
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T/F: Different male patterns that ultimately created different species of fish (speciation) is a form of sexual selection.
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True
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T/F: Sympatric speciation requires the emergence of a reproductive barrier that isolates a subset of a population from the remainder of the population in the same area.
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True
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A region of the environment in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry, is called a...
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Hybrid zone
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T/F: Because the health of hybrids is typically low, hybrids rarely serve as a stepping stone from which alleles are passed from one species to another.
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True
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What are the three possibilities for hybrid zones? Briefly define them.
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Reinforcement (reproductive barriers grow stronger and hybrids stop forming), fusion (two species fuse into one), or stability (members of both species and hybrids as well continue to form).
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Why is is likely that hybrids continue to form, without reinforcement or fusion?
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Because the hybrid zones are often not stable enough for both different parent species to remain for long periods of time, allowing for fusion.
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The term that describes the periods of apparent statis punctuated by sudden change in the fossil record is called...
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Punctuated equilibrium
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