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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three functions of the cell cycle
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1. Reproduction
2. Growth 3. Repair |
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Define Genome
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Total amount of DNA an organism contains
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Define Chromosomes
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packed up DNA wound around histones in preperation for cell division
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Define Chromatin
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Unwound DNA that is being used by the cell
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Genes
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Individual sections of DNA that are expressed to generate proteins
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Define somatic cell
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Body cell
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Define gametes
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Egg or sperm
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Defind gonads
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Reproductive structures that generate gametes
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Define autosomes
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All chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
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Define sister chromatids
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Identical copies of DNA
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Define mitosis
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Diploidal cell division
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Define centrosomes
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connection of 2 sister chromatids
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Define cytokenisis
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Cytoplasmic division
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Define cell plate
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Restablishment of cell wall in plants
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G1 phase of cell cycle
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Growth & its the first gap
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S phase of the cell cycle
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DNA synthesis/ DNA is copied
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G2 phase of cell cycle
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Second gap & preperation of cell for division
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G0 phase of cell cycle
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leaves cell cycle
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5 steps of mitosis cell division (in order)
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1.prophase
2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase 5. cytokenisis |
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What is happening in interphase in mitosis?
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-Duplicated DNA
-Nucleolus is present -getting ready for mitosis |
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What is happening during prophase in mitosis?
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-nucleus starts to fade/ no nucleolis
-chromosomes forming |
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What is happening during metaphase in mitosis?
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-Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
-Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes |
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What happens during anaphase in mitosis?
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-Chromosomes are being pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
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What happens during telophase in mitosis?
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-cell plate/ cleavage furrow forms in order to create 2 seperate cells
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Define cyclins
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Regulatory proteins
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Define genes
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nucleotide regions that code for traits
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Define karyotype
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homologus (paired) chromosomes
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Define tetrad
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2 copied pairs of chromosomes
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n/ 2n
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Haploid= n
Diploid=2n |
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Define synapsis
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the lining up of homologus chromosomes
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Define chiasma
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exchange of genes between non-sister chromatids
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5 key differences between meiosis and mitosis
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Mitosis=
1. Single division 2. Production of 2 new cells 3. Production of 2n cells(diploid cells) 4. Identical 5.Asexual Reproduction Meiosis= 1. two divisions 2. production of 4 new cells 3. production of n cells(haploid cells) 4. varied 5. sexual reproduction |
