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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
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Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) along chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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- Gave evidence that chromosomes are where the genes lie
- Fruit Flies - Eye Color - Wing Shape - Male vs. Female |
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Fruit Flies
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- Breed every two weeks
- Simple (only 4 chromosomes) |
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Wild type
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normal phenotype
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Mutant
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abnormal phenotype
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Genetically Linked
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associate trait linked with a specific chromosome
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Sex linked
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gene likes on the sex chromosomes (x/y linked)
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Vestigal
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- remnant something that used to be
- mutant gene |
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Recombinant
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in the same organism you get a combination of genes
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Recombination Frequency
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# of recombinants/ # offspring X 100%
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Recombinant Offspring
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Are those that show new combinations of the parental traits
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Morgan
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Discovered that genes can be linked
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Genetic Recombination
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the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent
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Linked gene
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genes located in the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in a genetic cross.
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Crossing Over
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when a portion of the DNA is recombinated (genetic diversity)
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Sex- Lined Gene
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gene located on either sex chromosome
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X - Inactivation
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one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is randomly inactivated during embryonic development
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Barr Body
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deactivated x chromosome
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Nondisjunctions
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when the chromosomes don't properly separate during meiosis
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Aneuploidy
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when a gamete gets fertilized with an incorrect number of chromosomes
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Trisomic
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when a zygote has three copies of a particular chromosomes
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Monosomic
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when a zygote has only one copy of a particular chromosome
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Polyploidy
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when there are more than two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism
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Deletion
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losing a section of a chromosome
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Duplication
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repeating a section of a chromosome
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Inversion
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reverse in a section of a chromosome
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Translocation
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moving (swapping) a segment of one chromosome to another
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Trisomy 21
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Down Syndrome
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Klinefelter Syndrome
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XXY
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Turner Syndrome
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X0
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