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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Calvin Cycle
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-Produces Glucose
-Converts CO2 to Sugars -In the Stoma (Liquid) -Name: C3 Photosynthesis, "Dark Reaction" -Light not directly involved; needed to make ATP and NADPH -6CO2 + 18ATP + 12NADPH = 1 GLUCOSE |
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Sugar Cyclical Process
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C + ATP + NADPH => G3P
-Used to make glucose and organic molecules -Takes 6 Turns or 6CO2 Molecules to make 1 GLUCOSE |
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Steps for Calvin Cycle
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1 - Carbon Fixation
2 - Energy Consumption and Redox 3 - Release of G3p Molecules 4 - Regeneration of RuBP |
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Carbon Fixation
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-6CO2 + 6RuBP => 12 PGA
- . +.-.-.-.-. => .-.-. -This is six reactions together -Ribisco: enzyme |
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Energy Consumption and Redox
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-12 PGA [Reduced]
-12 G3P *Full of Energy* (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) -PGA to G3P is Different Arrangement |
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Release of 2 G3P Molecules
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2 G3P => 1 Glucose
.-.-. = .-.-.-.-.-. |
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Glucose
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-Used to fuel cellular respiration, make starch, cellulose, and other organic molecules
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Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate
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-3 Carbon Sugar
- G3P |
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Ribulose Biphosphate
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-5 Carbon Sugar
- RuBP |
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Regeneration of RuBP
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-Recycle, takes more energy
-Remaining 10 G3P Molecules -RuBP -Series of chemical rxns to rearrange atoms |
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Normal Conditions
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-C3 Photosynthesis
-Use CO2 from air to make 3-C compound PGA through Calvin Cycle |
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Weather
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Hot, Dry- causes plants to close stomata to prevent water loss, less CO2 and O2 movement, decrease in photosynthesis.
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Ribisco Enzyme
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-Concentration of O2 increases, (step one of calvin) uses the oxygen inside of CO2.
-Photorespiration |
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Photorespiration
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-Yields no sugar molecules
-Creates 2-Carbon product that gets broken down because it is unuseable -Forces peroxisomes in cell to break it down |
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C4 Plants
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-C4 Photosynthesis
-Hot, Dry Climates -Specialties to conserve water and prevent photorespiration -Keeps Stomata closed most of time -Enzyme: PEP Carboxylase (phosphoenolpyruvate), unable to fix O2, no photorespiration |
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C4 Photosynthesis Steps
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1. PEP Carboxylase Fixes CO2
- PEP + CO2 => OAA 2. Oxaloacetic Acid Converted to malate - OOA => Malate (Shuttled to Bundle Sheath Cells, Barely O2)=> Pyruvate + CO2 3. CO2 Enters Into Calvin Cycle 4. Pyruvate converted back to PEP Carboxylase |
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CAM Plants
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-Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
-Very Dry Climate -Night: Stomata Open -PEP Carboxylase =>OOA=>Malic Acid (Shuttled to Vacuole) -Day: Stomata Close, malic Acid =>OAA=>CO2, Enters Calvin Cycle |
