Ap Bio Ch. 3&4

Front 1

structural isomers

Back 1

differ in the covalent arrangement of thier atoms

Front 2

geometric isomers

Back 2

differ in their spatial arrangement (can't be twisted)

Front 3

enantiomers

Back 3

mirror images of each other

Front 4

hydroxyl group

Back 4

-OH, alchohols

Front 5

carbonyl gruop

Back 5

C=O

Front 6

aldehyde

Back 6

if carbonyl group is found at end of carbon skeleton

Front 7

ketone

Back 7

if carbonyl group is found in middle of carbon skeleton

Front 8

carboxyl group

Back 8

(COOH)
C=O
-OH

Front 9

carboxyl groups are called

Back 9

carboxylic acids

Front 10

amino group

Back 10

NH2

Front 11

amino groups are called

Back 11

amines, bases

Front 12

amino groups form

Back 12

the backbones of proteins

Front 13

sulfhydryl group

Back 13

-SH
end in -thiols

Front 14

phosphate group

Back 14

(-OPO3) -2

Front 15

phosphate groups are

Back 15

anions

Front 16

most macromolecules are

Back 16

polymers

Front 17

monomers are connected by

Back 17

dehydration synthesis

Front 18

monomers are broken apart by

Back 18

hydrolysis

Front 19

carbohydrates are used for

Back 19

food and building material

Front 20

monosaccharides ratio is

Back 20

1:2:1

Front 21

polysaccharides are connected by a covalent bond called

Back 21

a glycosidic linkage

Front 22

plants store sugars in form of

Back 22

starch

Front 23

animals store sugars in form of

Back 23

glycogen

Front 24

lipids are

Back 24

fats, building blocks

Front 25

lipids are made of

Back 25

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Front 26

a lipid with a double bond between carbons is

Back 26

unsaturated

Front 27

a lipid with no double bonds between carbons is

Back 27

saturated

Front 28

phospholipds are

Back 28

major compnoents of cell membranes

Front 29

phospholipids contain

Back 29

2 fatty acids, one phosphate group

Front 30

the head of a phospholipid is

Back 30

polar

Front 31

the tail of a phospholipid is

Back 31

non polar, hydrophobic

Front 32

steroids are lipids that contain

Back 32

cholesterol and hormones

Front 33

steriods have __ rings

Back 33

4 fused rings

Front 34

proteins are made from

Back 34

amino acids

Front 35

proteins contain

Back 35

an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a hydrogen atom

Front 36

there are ___ kinds of amino acids

Back 36

20

Front 37

amino acids are linked by

Back 37

peptide bonds

Front 38

nucleic acids function as

Back 38

nucleotides, building blocks

Front 39

nucleic acids consist of

Back 39

5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogeneous bases

Front 40

DNA contains

Back 40

Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosin

Front 41

bases in DNA are grouped

Back 41

AT, G-C

Front 42

CHONPS

Back 42

proteins

Front 43

CHON

Back 43

nitrogeneous bases

Front 44

CHO

Back 44

carbs and lipids

Front 45

RNA contains

Back 45

adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosin

Front 46

adenine and guanine are

Back 46

purines

Front 47

thymine and cytosin are

Back 47

pyrimidines

Front 48

bases in RNA are grouped

Back 48

A-U, G-C

Front 49

RNA is ___ stranded

Back 49

single

Front 50

DNA is _____ stranded

Back 50

double