A&p

Front 1

Name the 14 facial bones;

Back 1

2 Nasal, 2 Maxillae, 2 Lacrimals, 2 Zygomatics, 2 Palatines, 2 Inferior Nasal Conchae, Vomer, Mandible

Front 2

Name the parts of the skeletal system;

Back 2

Bones, Joints, Cartilages, Ligaments

Front 3

How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton?

Back 3

80

Front 4

How many bones are in the Appendicular skeleton?

Back 4

126

Front 5

What are the functions of bones?

Back 5

Support (of the body), Protection (of soft organs), Movement (due to attached skeletal muscles), Storage (of minerals & fats), Blood cell formation.

Front 6

What minerals do the bones store?

Back 6

Ca, Phosphate, Magnesium & sulfur.

Front 7

What are the 2 basic types of bone tissue?

Back 7

Compact bone (homogeneous), Spongy bone (porous)

Front 8

Describe long bones;

Back 8

Typically longer than wide, Have a shaft w/heads @ both ends, Contain mostly compact bone (ex; Femur, Humerus)

Front 9

Describe short bones;

Back 9

Generally cube shaped, Contain mostly spongy bone (ex; Carpals, Tarsals)

Front 10

Describe flat bones;

Back 10

Thin & flattened, Usually curved, Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone (ex; Skull, ribs, sternum)

Front 11

Describe the Diaphysis of a long bone;

Back 11

Shaft, Composed of compact bone.

Front 12

Describe The Epiphysis of a long bone;

Back 12

(growth plate) Ends of the bone, Composed mostly of spongy bone.

Front 13

(Long Bone)
What is the Periosteum?

Back 13

The outside covering of the diaphysis, it is a fibrous connective tissue membrane, it is secured to the bone by Sharpey's Fibers. (has arteries running through it that supply bone cells w/nutrients)

Front 14

(Long Bone)
What is the Articular cartilage?

Back 14

The outside covering of the epiphyses, is made of hyaline cartilage, it decreases friction @ joint surfaces.

Front 15

(Long Bone)
What is the Meduallary cavity?

Back 15

Cavity of the shaft, it contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults & red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants.

Front 16

What are bone markings?

Back 16

Surface features of bones, sites of attachments for muscles, tendons & ligaments, passages for nerves & blood vessels.

Front 17

What are the categories of bone markings?

Back 17

Projections & processes (grow out from the bone surface), Depressions or cavities (indentations).

Front 18

What is a Osteon?

Back 18

(Haversian System) Name for each Complex consisting of central canal & matrix rings.

Front 19

How do you remember which markings are Projections & which are Depressions?

Back 19

All the terms beginning w/T are projections & the terms beginning w/F (except Facet) are depressions.

Front 20

What is the Central (Haversian) Canal?

Back 20

Opening in the center of an Osteon, Carries blood vessels & nerves.

Front 21

What is a Perforating (Volkman's) Canal?

Back 21

Canal perpendicular to the central canal, Carries blood vessels & nerves.

Front 22

What are the Lacunae?

Back 22

Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes), arranged in concentric rings.

Front 23

What are the Lamellae?

Back 23

Rings around the central canal, sites of lacunae.

Front 24

What are the Canaliculi?

Back 24

Tiny canals that radiate from the central canal to lacunae (look like cracks from the Lacuna through the Lamella) They form a transport system.

Front 25

What is the embryotic skeleton made up of?

Back 25

Hyaline cartilage, during development most is replaced by bone.

Front 26

Where does Cartilage remain p birth?

Back 26

Bridge of the nose, ears, trachea, bronchi, parts of ribs, joints, discs of vertabrae.

Front 27

What part of bone allows for growth of long bones during childhood?

Back 27

Epiphyseal plates, new cartilage is continuously formed, older cartilage becomes ossified, cartilage is broken down, bone replaces cartilage.

Front 28

What are Osteocytes?

Back 28

Mature bone cells

Front 29

What are Osteoblasts?

Back 29

Bone-forming cells

Front 30

What are Osteoclasts?

Back 30

Bone-destroying cells, They break down bone matrix for remodeling & release of calcium.

Front 31

Bone remodeling is a process by which cells?

Back 31

Both Osteoblasts & Osteoclasts

Front 32

What is a closed (simple) fx?

Back 32

Break that does not penetrate the skin

Front 33

What is a open (compound) fx?

Back 33

Broken bone penetrates through the skin

Front 34

Bone fractures are tx by;

Back 34

Reduction & Immobilization (realignment of the bone

Front 35

Explain the repain of bone fx;

Back 35

Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed, Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus, Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus, Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch.

Front 36

What 3 parts make up the Bony Thorax?

Back 36

Sternum, Ribs, Thoracic vertebrae

Front 37

What bones make up the Appendicular Skeleton?

Back 37

Limbs (appendages), Pectoral Girdle, Pelvic Girdle

Front 38

What 2 bones is the Pectoral (shoulder) Girdle composed of?

Back 38

Clavicle (collarbone) & Scapula (shoulder blade), These bones allow the upper limbs to have exceptionally free movement.

Front 39

What single bone forms the arm?

Back 39

Humerus

Front 40

Where on the Humerus does the deltoid attach?

Back 40

Deltoid Tuberosity (mid humerus)

Front 41

Where does the Humerus articulate w/ the Ulnar & radius?

Back 41

Ulnar-Capitulum,

Radius-Trochlea

Front 42

What 2 bones make up the forearm?

Back 42

Ulna & Radius

Front 43

What bones make up the hand?

Back 43

Carpals (wrist), Metacarpals (palm), Phalanges (fingers)