A&p

Front 1

Steps invovled in muscle contraction

Back 1

Acetylcholine activates motor end plate, action potential created, depolarization of adjacent sarcolemma, spreading of action potential via transeverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calc. ions, troponin (keeps muscle at rest) and tropomyosin (calcium bind to troponin to move tropomyosin out of way), cross bridges form, ATP detaches

Front 2

In the 1st step of muscle contraction the release of __________ activates the __ ___ ___ opening up ________ channels allowing _______ to flow into the cell thus initiating a _________ potential.

Back 2

Acetylcholine, motor end plate, sodium, sodium, action potential.

Front 3

A rapid change in the electrical potential of a membrane.

Back 3

Action potential.

Front 4

The 2nd step of. Muscle contraction is where the ______ ______ allows a signal to be carried by the membrane. This happens in both nreve and muscle cells. This step inzvolves ________, _________, and __________

Back 4

Action potential, Depolarization, repolarization, and Refractory period

Front 5

Part of the 2nd step of muscle contraction where the interior of the cell is made to be less negative. Occurs b/c sodium flowing in ______ that part of the membrane

Back 5

Depolarization, depolarizes

Front 6

A part of the 2nd step of Muscle contraction that involves the restoring of the cell membranes electrical potential. Flow of K+ out of cell returns the membrane to polar again.

Back 6

Repolarization

Front 7

The period of time after the an action potential that another one can occur.

Back 7

Refractory period

Front 8

In the refractory period _____ ______ ______ pumps sodium ____ ___ the cell and the potassium ___ the cell

Back 8

NaK ATPase, out of, into

Front 9

In the 3rd step of muscle contraction the ________ of ______ _____ occurs. The depolarization of one area opens the sodium channels of areas close by and speads the action potention down the legnth of the cell.

Back 9

Depolarization, adjacent sarcolemma,

Front 10

In the 4th step of Muscle contraction _____ _________ allow the action potential to spread deep into the muscle fiber

Back 10

Transverse Tubules.

Front 11

In the 5 step of. Muscle contraction, the ____ ______ responds to the _____ ____ by releasing _____ ___ into the _________

Back 11

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, action potential, calcium ios , sarcoplasm.

Front 12

A protein m that keeps muscles at rest

Back 12

Troponin

Front 13

The protein that's in the way in step 6 of muscle contraction

Back 13

Tropomyosin

Front 14

In step 6 of.muscle contraction __________ and ________ , which are normally attached to the actin filiments to prevent the linking of myocin and actin to keep muscle at rest, work together to allow that linkage. _______ _____ bind to troponin causing tropomyosin to move out of the way so the head of the ________ filament canbind with the_______ filament.

Back 14

Troponin, tropomyosin, calcium ions, myosin, actin

Front 15

In step 7 of muscle contraction, _______ _____ are formed from the binding of actin and myosin

Back 15

Cross-bridges

Front 16

Part of step 7 of muscle contraction thst refers to the confirmationalchange that occurs in the myocin filaments such that the headof the. Myosin forcibly carries the actin filament to the center of the sacromere

Back 16

Power stroke

Front 17

When cross bridges are formed between myosin and actin it creates a ______ _______ and that reactiom generates the _______ of the ________.

Back 17

Power stroke, force, contraction

Front 18

In the 8th step of muscle contraction _______ detaches myocin head and recocks it for another powerstroke. This same molecule also detaches myocin hean when muscle is to ______

Back 18

ATP, relax

Front 19

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. It prevents continued muscle fiber contraction w/o nervous system

Back 19

Cholkinesterase.

Front 20

Cholinesterase activity can be blocked by

Back 20

Pesticides

Front 21

4 things that allow muscle to relax

Back 21

Detachment ofATP from myocin head, troponin and tropomyosin bound to actin filaments, Cholinesterase activity, calcium ions being resequestered into sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Front 22

4 energy sources for contraction

Back 22

ATP, Creatine phosphate, Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration

Front 23

A contraction energy source that provides energy for the contractile events (actin and myocin working together), the operation of the Na,K, and Ca pumps. Only provides each cell with 4-6 sec of energy. Breaks down from ATP to ADP + pi

Back 23

ATP

Front 24

Formula for aerobic respiration

Back 24

C6H12O6 +6O2 >>>>>>>6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP + heat

Front 25

Process that generates ATP from organic fuel msources can change ADP to ATP. It requires oxygen. Needed for active muscles

Back 25

Aerobic respiration

Front 26

Where does Aerobic Respiration occur

Back 26

In the mitochondria

Front 27

Where does Anaerobic respiration occur

Back 27

In the cytoplasm or sarcoplasm.

Front 28

Process that generates ATP using glucose when oxygen is not present forms lactic acid. Faster that aerobic but only 2 atp perglucose molecule.

Back 28

Anaerobic respiration.

Front 29

Oxygen during muscle contraction is provided by what 2 proteins

Back 29

Hemoglobin , Myoglobin

Front 30

Pigment that carries oxygen from lungs to body cells. Found in RBCs and gives blood its red color.

Back 30

Hemoglobin

Front 31

Pigment that holds oxygen in muscles and give muscles red color. Allows aerobic respiration w/o continuous blood supply because higher affinity for oxygen.

Back 31

Myoglobin

Front 32

When the amount of oxygen needed to convert the accumulated lactic acid into glucose to restore supplies of ATP and Creotine Phosphate are too low.

Back 32

Oxygen debt

Front 33

Oxygen debt occurs when the muscles run out.of _______ and begin conducting _____ ________ causing _____ _____ to accumulate.

Back 33

Oxygen, anaerobic respiration, lactic acid.

Front 34

Oxygen debt only occurs during _______ ________.

Back 34

Strenuous exercise