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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What coordinates activities of all body systems |
Nervous system |
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What are the three main functions of the nervous system |
Every muscular action Routine signal for cardiovascular and respiratory life
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What is the last function of the nervous system |
Send receive and interpret electric signals |
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Where the main functions of the nervous system |
Sensory input, integration and motor outputs |
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What are the three nervous tissues of the nervous system |
Neurons, glial cells and Neruopil |
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What is a neuron |
An actual nerve cell and able to transmit electrical chemical signals |
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What do glial cells do? |
there accessory cells, support the neuron |
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What is the Neuropil |
It is a non-cellular structure and it's protein-based mostly avascular |
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What is the neuron anatomy |
It is the cell body, dendrite, axon hillock, axon terminus |
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What is the dendrite do |
It is the receptive portion of the neuron |
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What is this soma |
It contains the nucleus and it provides protein synthesis for the cell and it is the cell body of the neuron |
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What is the axon |
Is a part of the neuron that transports electrical signals |
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What is the axon terminal synapse |
It is the space for the axon connects to the dendrite or muscle |
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What is the other word for Soma (the cellular portion of tissue) |
Perikaryon |
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Where can soma be found |
Found in gray matter of the nervous system. the central nervous system cortex and in the peripheral nervous system it is in the ganglia |
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What is the Nissl body |
Has RNA accumulation and it's needed for NT synthesis |
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What are the four basic neuron types |
Afferent type which includes pseudo-unipolar form and sensory type
Efferent type Multi polar form and motor function and most dendrites
Interneuron type Bipolar form Within right now and all factory systems |
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Several neurons supply signals to one synapse |
Convergence input |
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Single neuron projects signal to multiple other neurons
Easier to reach threshold |
Divergence input |
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Steps of ion channels and neuron action potential |
Na+ channels first open( active) to let ions come in. K+ channels are triggered by action potential and cell releases K+ to reset to a negative state. |
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Structures of an axon |
Hillock, branch, terminal Transmit action potential Houses vesicles at terminus Possess microtubules to transport NT to synapse
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Synapse |
Electoral gap junction ( quick, rare in body) Chemical signal from pre-synapse to post cell |
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Synapse types |
Electoral synapse Chemical synapse |
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Electrical synapse |
Communication via the direct electrical coupling of two cells through gap junctions |
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Chemical synapse |
Communication through the release and binding of molecules known as neurotransmitters |
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Electoral synapse: connexons |
Pore proteins connect two cells |
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Protective layering of brain |
Skin, periosteum, bone, meninges(dura, arachnoid, pia), |
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Dura mater |
Tough mother Outer most leathery |
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Arachnoid mater |
Middle layer, web like CSF containing |
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Pia matter |
Delicate, thin layer Clings to every sulci/gyri |
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Blood brain barrier |
Tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries, instead of the usual permeability Highly selective transport systems Allows O2&CO2 Not a barrier against uncharged and lipid soluble molecules; allows alcohol, nicotine, and some drugs including anesthetics |
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Cerebrum parts |
Gurus, sulcus, fissure |
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Cerebrum parts continued |
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular(hidden), |
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Uncus |
Smell associations and memory |
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Sensory motor centers |
Primary motor cortex - precentral gyrus -Fine motor control - most complex in face, tongue, and hands
Primary sensory cortex - postcentral gyrus - localized sensation - face, hands, genitals - taste( gustatory) area |
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Brocas area |
Left frontal region, speech production, syntax, speech gestures, expressive aphasia |
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Wernickes area |
Left temporal, language understanding, receptive aphasia
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Pia mater, grey matter, white matter |
Cerebral cortex histology |
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Grey matter |
A. Molecular layer B. Purkinje cell layer C. Granule cell layer |
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White matter |
-Axon tracts, -commissures-left to right, -associations- inner-lobe-connection |
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Grey matter: molecular structures |
-Neurons(N) -Oligodendrocytes(mylelimates axon) - astrocytes( support cells) - neuropil(Np) ( acelluar structure)
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Abor vitae |
Inner white matter within the cerebellum |
