A&p 1 Chapter 8

Front 1

The skeleton is divided into two regions:

Back 1

The axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Front 2

The axial skeleton includes:

Back 2

The skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column and thoracic cage.

Forms the central supporting axis of the body.

Front 3

The appendicular skeleton includes:

Back 3

The bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle and the bones of the lower limb and pelvic girdle.

Front 4

There is considered to be how many bones in the adult human body?

Back 4

206

Front 5

How many bones are there at birth?

Back 5

about 270

Front 6

Condyle

Back 6

A rounded knob that articulates with another bone(occipital condyles of the skull

Front 7

Bone articulations:

Back 7

Condyle, Facet, head

Front 8

Extensions and projections:

Back 8

Crest, epicondyle, line, process, protuberance, spine, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity

Front 9

Depressions:

Back 9

Alveolus, fossa, fovea, sulcus

Front 10

Passages and cavities:

Back 10

Canal, fissure, foramen, meatus, sinus

Front 11

Facet

Back 11

A smooth, flat slightly concave or convex articular surface( articular facets of the vertebrae)

Front 12

Head

Back 12

The prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded>(head of the femur)

Front 13

Crest

Back 13

A narrow ridge( iliac crest of the pelvis)

Front 14

Epicondyle

Back 14

An expanded region superior to a condyle(medial epicondyle of the femur)

Front 15

LIne

Back 15

A slightly raised, elongated ridge(nuchal lines of the skull)

Front 16

Process

Back 16

Any bony prominence(mastoid process of the skull)

Front 17

Protuberance

Back 17

A bony outgrowth or protruding part(mental protuberance of the chin)

Front 18

Spine

Back 18

A sharp, slender, or narrow process(mental spines of the mandible)

Front 19

Trochanter

Back 19

Two massive processes unique to the femur

Front 20

Tubercle

Back 20

A small, rounded process( greatertubercle of the humerus)

Front 21

Tuberosity

Back 21

A rough elevated surface(tibial tuberosity)

Front 22

Alveolus

Back 22

A pit or socket( tooth socket)

Front 23

Fossa

Back 23

A shallow, broad,or elongated basin(mandibular fossa)

Front 24

Fovea

Back 24

A small pit(fovea capitis of the femur)

Front 25

Sulcus

Back 25

A groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel (intertubercular sulcus of the humerus)

Front 26

Canal

Back 26

A tubular passage or tunnel in a bone(auditory canal of the skull)

Front 27

Fissure

Back 27

A slit through a bone( orbital fissures behind the eye)

Front 28

Foramen

Back 28

A hole through a bone, usually round(foramen magnum of the skull)

Front 29

Meatus

Back 29

A canal (external acoustic meatus of the ear)

Front 30

Sinus

Back 30

An air-filled space in a bone(frontal sinus of the forehead.

Front 31

The skull is composed of how many bones?

Back 31

22, most of these are connected by immovable joints called sutures

Front 32

What are the cavities of the Skull?

Back 32

The cranial, the orbits, nasal cavity, oral(buccal)cavity, middle and inner-ear cavities,and paranasal sinuses

Front 33

What are the different sinuses?

Back 33

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid , and maxillary sinuses

Front 34

Cranium

Back 34

The brain case collectively, the cranial bones are those that enclose the brain.

Front 35

Dura mater

Back 35

Toughest of the meninges that line the cranial cavity.

Front 36

See table 8.3 page 237 for bones and their foramina.

Back 36

big list

Front 37

The cranium consists of two major parts

Back 37

The calvaria and the base

Front 38

The calvaria

Back 38

Skullcap, not a single bone but simply the dome of the top of the skull

Front 39

The base

Back 39

Floor of the cranial cavity with three sets of fossa for the lobe of the brain

Front 40

Anterior cranial fossa

Back 40

Crescent shaped and hold the frontal lobes of the brain

Front 41

Middle cranial fossa

Back 41

deeper and holds the temporal lobes of the brain

Front 42

Posterior cranial fossa

Back 42

Deepest and houses a large posterior division of the brain called the cerebellum

Front 43

What are the 8 cranial bones?

Back 43

1 frontal, 1 occipital,2 parietal, 2 temporal,1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid

Front 44

Frontal bone

Back 44

extends from the back to a prominent coronal suture

Front 45

Glabella

Back 45

The smooth area of the frontal bone just above the root of the nose.

Front 46

The parietal bones

Back 46

Form most of the cranial roof and part of its walls.

Front 47

The temporal bones

Back 47

forms the lower wall and part of the floor of the cranial cavity.

Front 48

The occipital bone

Back 48

Forms the rear of the skull and much of its base. most conspicuous feature is foramen Magnum which admits the spinal cord to the cranial cavity.

Front 49

The sphenoid bone

Back 49

Has a complex shape with a thick median body and outstretched greater and lesser wings which give the bone as a whole a ragged moth-like shape.

Front 50

The Ethmoid bone

Back 50

Is an anterior cranial bone located between the eyes.

Front 51

The ethmoid bone has three major portions:

Back 51

1 the perpendicular plate-thin median plate of bone that forms the upper 2/3 of the nasal septum.

2horizontal cribriform plate which forms the roof of the nasal cavity , this plate has a median blade called the crista galli

3the labryrinth-large mass on either side of perpendicular plate with a maze of air spaces called ethmoidal cells

Front 52

Facial bones

Back 52

Do not enclose the brain,but lie anterior to the cranial cavity. They support the orbital, nasal, and oral cavities, shape the face, and provide attachment for the muscles of facial expression and mastification.

Front 53

The 14 facial bones

Back 53

2 maxillae 2 nasal bones

2 palatine bones 2 inferior nasal conchae

2 zygomatic bones 1 vomer

2 lacrimal bones 1 mandible

Front 54

Maxillae

Back 54

Largest facial bones,form the upper jaw, and meet at median intermaxillary suture. contains alveolar processes