A&p 1, Ch 8

Front 1

Fibrous joints

Back 1

1. Types: are sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses

2. Bone's connected by collagen fibers ( dense fibrous connective tissue)

3. Nearly all are synarthrotic (immovable)

Front 2

Cartilaginous joints

Back 2

1. Types include Synchondroses and symphysis

2. Many are amphiarthrotic

3. Bone's connected by a disc of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Front 3

Synovial joints

Back 3

1. Exhibit a joint cavity

2. All are diarthrotec

3. Include shoulder, hip, Jaw, and elbow joints

Front 4

What type of joints are freely movable

Back 4

Diarthroses

Front 5

Anatomical Characteristics shared by all synovial joints

Back 5

1. Articular cartilage

2. A joint cavity

3. An articular capsule

Front 6

Factors that influence the stability of a synovial joint

Back 6

1. Shape of articular surfaces

2. Presence of strong reinforcing ligaments

3. Tone of surrounding muscles

Front 7

The description "articular surfaces deep and secure, capsule heavily reinforced by ligaments and muscle tendons, extremely stable joint" best describes what joint

Back 7

The hip joint

Front 8

Ankylosis

Back 8

immobility of a joint due to Fusion of its articular surfaces

Front 9

An autoimmune disorder in which joints are affected bilaterally and which involves pannus formation and gradual joint immobilization

Back 9

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 10

Classification of joints

Back 10

1. Sites where two or more bones meet

2. Function is to give skeleton mobility and hold skeleton together

3. Two types of classifications:

Structural: based on what material binds the joints and whether a cavity is present

*3 types: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Functional: based on the movement joint allows

*3 types: synarthroses immovable joints, amphiarthroses slightly movable joints, diarthroses freely movable joints

Front 11

Sutures

Back 11

1. Ridgid, interlocking joints of skull

2. Allow for growth during youth

3. In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse

4. Synostoses or closed

Front 12

Syndesmoses

Back 12

1. Bone's connected by ligaments

2. CyberLink the varies, so movement varies

A. Short fibers offer little to no movement

B. Longer fibers offer a larger amount of movement

Front 13

Gomphoses

Back 13

1. Peg in socket joints

2. Teeth in alveolar sockets

3. Fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament

Front 14

Cartilaginous joints

Back 14

1. Bones United by cartilage

2. No joint cavity

3. Not highly movable

4. Two types:

Synchondroses

Symphyses

Front 15

Synchondroses

Back 15

1. Bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites bone

2. Almost all are synarthrotic or immovable

3. Examples include the epiphyseal plate joints and cartilage of first rib with manubrium of sternum

Front 16

Symphyses

Back 16

1. Fibrocartilage United bone in symphysis joint

2. Symphyses are strong, amphiarthrotic (slightly movable) joints

3. Examples include intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis

Front 17

Synovial joints

Back 17

1. Bone separated by fluid-filled joint cavity

2. All are diarthrotic (freely movable)

3. Include almost all limb joints

4. Characteristics:

A. 6 General features including articular cartilage, joint synovial cavity, articular joint capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, and nerves and blood vessels

B. Have bursae and tendon sheaths

C. Stability influence by shape of articular surface, ligament number and location, muscle tone keeps tendons taught as they cross joints

D. Allows several types of movements including non axial, unit seal, biaxial, and multiaxial ranges of motion and gliding, angular, and rotation movements

E. Six different types of synovial joints include plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball and socket

Front 18

Five main synovial joints

Back 18

1. Knee:

- largest, most complex joint of body

- three joints surrounded by single cavity: femoral patellar joint (plane), lateral joint, and medial joint ( tibiofemoral joint), ( hinge joint)

- three ligaments that run from patella to tibia: medial and lateral patellar retinacula and patellar ligament

- at least 12 bursae associated with the knee joint

- capsular, extracapsular, or intracapsular ligaments act to stabilize knee joint

- anterior cruciate ligament or ACL attaches to anterior tibial, and prevents forward sliding of tibia and stops hyperextension of the knee

- posterior cruciate ligament attaches to the posterior tibia, and prevents backward sliding of tibia and forward sliding of femur

Front 19

Shoulder or glenohumeral joint

Back 19

- most freely moving joint in the body

- stability sacrificed for freedom of movement

- ball and socket joint

- articular capsule in closing cavity is also thin and loose

- glenoid labrum is the fibrocartilaginous rim around the glenoid cavity

Front 20

Elbow joint

Back 20

- humerus articulates with radius and ulna

- hinge joint formed primarily from trochlear Notch of alna articulating with trochlea of humerus allowing for flexion and extension only

- annular ligament surrounds head of radius

Front 21

Hip or coxal joint

Back 21

- ball and socket joint

- large, spiracle head of the femur articulates with deep cup-shaped acetabulum

- reinforcing ligaments include iliofemoral ligament, Cuba for moral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament, ligament of head of femur

Front 22

Temporomandibular joint or TMJ

Back 22

- jaw joint is modified hinge joint

- mandibular condyle articulates with the temporal bone

- two types of movement include hinge, and gliding

- most easily dislocated joint in the body due to shallow socket of joint