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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COMMUNITY ASSOCIATED INFECTION |
Acquired by a person who has not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure |
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HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION |
Nocosomial infection, acquired in a health care institution longer than 48 hours after admissionDID |
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DISINFECTANT |
Able to kill organisms; only used on non living objects; sometimes called cidal agents |
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ANTISEPTIC |
Inhibits the growth of microorganisms but does not necessarily kill them and is applied exclusively to living tissue |
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BACTERIOSTATIC ANTIBIOTICS |
Inhibit the growth of bacteria but do not kill them |
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BACTERICIDAL ANTIBIOTICS |
Directly kill the bacteria |
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MOST ANTIBIOTICS WORK BY |
Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis in some way |
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PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY |
Used to prevent an infection |
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EMPIRIC THERAPY |
The administration of antibiotics based on the practitioner's judgment of the pathogens most likely to be causing an apparent infection; involves the presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay before specific culture info has been obtained |
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DEFINITIVE THERAPY |
The administration of antibiotics based on known results of culture and sensitivity testing identifying the pathogen causing infection |
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THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY |
A therapeutic response to antibiotics is one in which there is a decrease in the specific signs and symptoms of infection compared with the baseline findings. |
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SUBTHERAPEUTIC |
Treatment that is ineffective in treating a given infection |
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SUPERINFECTION |
Occurs when antibiotics reduce or completely eliminate the normal bacterial flora |
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SULFONAMIDES |
Bacteriostatic (inhibit the growth of bacteria); active against gram+ and gram- organisms; often used to treat UTI's due to high concentrations in the kidney, through which they are eliminated; common cause of allergic or photosensitivity reactions |
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PENICILLINS |
Can be divided into 4 subgroups; kill a wide variety of gram+(Strep, Staph, Entero) and some gram- bacteria; beta-lactamases can inactivate therefore combos including beta-lactamase inhibitors are available; allergic and idiosyncratic (maculopapular eruptions, eosinophilia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and exfoliative dermatitis) reactions can occur; |
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CEPHALOSPORINS |
Related to penicillins; bactericidal and interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis can destroy a broad spectrum of bacteria; five generations that are active against gram+, gram-, or anaerobic bacteria; a cross-sensitivity reaction may occur if patient is allergic to penicillin |
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CARBAPENEMS |
Have the broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotics to date; are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis; often reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill patients and are also effective against many gram+ organisms; drug-induced seizure activity is a hazard; must be infused over 60 min |
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MONOBACTAMS |
A synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic primarily active against aerobic gram- bacteria including E Coli, Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas spp; bactericidal, destroying bacteria by inhibiting bacterial wall synthesis resulting in lysis; indicated for the treatment of moderately severe systemic infections and UTIs |
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MACROLIDES |
Considered bacteriostatic, however, in high enough concentrations they may be bactericidal to some susceptible bacteria; especially effective against several bacterial species that often reproduce inside host cells instead of just in the bloodstream or interstitial spaces, such as Listeria and Chlamydia; include Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Dirithromycin, and Erythromycin; assess baseline cardiac function and hearing status |
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TETRACYCLINES |
Inhibit the growth of many gram- and gram+ organisms and even some protozoans traditionally used to treat acne, chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Rickettsia infections, syphilis, and balantidiasis; can discolor teeth in fetuses and children; may retard fetal skeletal development; photosensitivity, etc. |
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ORAL ANTIBIOTICS ARE NOT TO BE GIVEN AT THE SAME TIME AS... |
Antacids, Calcium supplements, Iron products, Laxatives containing magnesium, or some of the antilipemic drugs |
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WHAT IS THE PRIORITY ASSESSMENT DATA FOR A CLIENT PRESCRIBED ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY? |
Allergies |
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WHICH INFO SHOULD THE NURSE INCLUDE IN DISCHARGE TEACHING FOR A CLIENT PRESCRIBED DOXYCYCLINE (VIBRAMYCIN) |
"Apply sunscreen or wear protective clothing when outdoors" |
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WHICH ADVERSE EFFECT CAN RESULT IS TETRACYCLINE IS ADMINISTERED TO CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 8 YEARS OF AGE? |
Permanent discoloration of teeth |
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A CLIENT WHO IS ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN IS AT INCREASED RISK FOR AN ALLERGY TO WHICH DRUG? |
Cefazolin sodium (Ancef) |
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WHEN PLANNING CARE FOR A CLIENT RECEIVING A SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTIC, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE NURSE TO PERFORM WHICH INTERVENTION? |
Encourage fluid intake of 2000 to 3000 mL/day |
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WHEN ADMINISTERING A NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG AND A PENICILLIN DRUG TOGETHER, THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE PENICILLIN ANTIBIOTIC FROM THE PROTEIN-BINDING SITES WILL RESULT IN WHICH EFFECT? |
Increased free drug in blood |
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DURING ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY, THE NURSE WILL ASSESS THE CLIENT FOR A CONDITION THAT MAY OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE DISRUPTION OF NORMAL FLORA. THE NURSE KNOWS THIS AS WHAT CONDITION? |
Superinfection |
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A CLIENT PRESCRIBED AZITHROMYCIN (ZITHROMAX) EXPRESSES CONCERN REGARDING GI UPSET THAT WAS EXPERIENCED WHEN PREVIOUSLY PRESCRIBED AN ERYTHROMYCIN ANTIBIOTIC. WHAT IS THE NURSE'S BEST RESPONSE? |
"This drug is like erythromycin with less GI adverse effects." |
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IN AN EFFORT TO PREVENT SUPERINFECTIONS OF THE GI TRACT SUCH AS C DIFF, THE NURSE WILL INSTRUCT CLIENTS TO EAT WHICH FOODS? |
Cultured dairy products such as yogurt |
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WHICH STATEMENT BEST DESCRIBES HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS? |
The infection was not incubating at the time of admission |
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A CLIENT WITH A KNOWN HEART CONDITION IS PRESCRIBED AN ANTIBIOTIC BEFORE A DENTAL PROCEDURE. WHAT TYPE OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IS THIS CONSIDERED? |
Prophylactic |
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BACTERIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS CAN OCCUR WITH WHICH SITUATIONS? |
Antibiotics that are prescribed to treat a viral infection; Clients stop taking an antibiotic when they feel better |
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A PATIENT IS SCHEDULED FOR COLORECTAL SURGERY TOMORROW. HE DOES NOT HAVE SEPSIS, HIS WBC COUNT IS NORMAL, HE HAS NO FEVER, AND HE IS OTHERWISE IN GOOD HEALTH. HOWEVER, THERE IS AN ORDER TO ADMINISTER AN ANTIBIOTIC ON CALL BEFORE HE GOES TO SURGERY. THE NURSE KNOWS THAT THE RATIONALE FOR THIS ANTIBIOTIC ORDER IS TO... |
Provide prophylactic therapy |
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A TEENAGE PATIENT IS TAKING A TETRACYCLINE DRUG AS PART OF TREATMENT FOR SEVERE ACNE. WHEN THE NURSE TEACHES THIS PATIENT ABOUT DRUG RELATED PRECAUTIONS, WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INFO TO CONVEY? |
The patient needs to use sunscreen or avoid exposure to sunlight, because this drug may cause photosensitivity |
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A NEWLY ADMITTED PATIENT REPORTS A PENICILLIN ALLERGY. THE PRESCRIBER HAS ORDERED A SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN AS PART OF THE THERAPY. WHICH NURSING ACTION IS APPROPRIATE? |
Call the prescriber to clarify the order because of the patient's allergy |
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DURING PATIENT EDUCATION REGARDING AN ORAL MACROLIDE SUCH AS ERYTHROMYCIN, THE NURSE WILL INCLUDE WHICH INFO? |
The patient may take the drug with a small snack to reduce GI irritation |
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A WOMAN WHO HAS BEEN TAKING AN ANTIBIOTIC FOR A UTI CALLS THE NP TO COMPLAIN OF SEVERE VAGINAL ITCHING. SHE HAS ALSO NOTICED A THICK, WHITISH VAGINAL DISCHARGE. THE NP SUSPECTS |
A superinfection has developed |
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THE NURSE IS REVIEWING THE ORDERS FOR WOUND CARE, WHICH INCLUDE USE OF AN ANTISEPTIC. WHICH STATEMENTS BEST DESCRIBE THE USE OF ANTISEPTICS?
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Antiseptics are appropriate for use on living tissue; The patient's allergies must be assessed before using the antiseptic; Antiseptics are used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the wound surface |
