Antibiotics

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Bacteriostatic

Back 1

Inhibits bacterial growth

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Bacteriocidal

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Kills bacteria

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Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

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Inhibits growth of all gram positive bacteria

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Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics

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Inhibits growth only of bacteria causing infection

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Culture

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Test that finds which kind of bacteria is causing infection. Takes several days to receive results.

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Sensitivity

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Test that Finds out which antibiotic kills the bacteria causing the infection. Takes several days to get results.

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Superinfection

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Infection on top of an infection

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Gram Stain

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Test to determine whether bacteria is gram positive or gram negative.

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Prophalaxis

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Preventative antibiotics

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Lactobacillius

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Probiotic-Puts good bacteria back into the gut. Found in yogurt.

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Resistance

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Over prescribing antibiotics. Causes mutation in the bacteria and the antibiotic no longer is effective.

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Antibiotic Side Effects

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Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash

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Goal of Antibiotic Therapy

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Reduction of the invading organism to a level in which the body's immune response can defeat the infection.

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Why are Immunocompromised patients so hard to treat?

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Their body cannot fight off the infection on its own.

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What kind of antibiotics will not work on immunocompromised patients?

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Bacteriostatic

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When should blood cultures be drawn?

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Before antibiotic therapy is started and after antibiotic therapy is concluded.

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Along with antibiotics, what helps to promote healing?

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Proper nutrition.

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Prototype of Sulfonamides

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Bactrim

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Action of Sulfonamides

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Blocks the synthesis of folic acid which inhibits bacterial growth.

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Are Sulfonamides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

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Bacteriostatic

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Most common use for Sulfonamides

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Urinary Tract Infections

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What needs to be monitored for a patient on Sulfonamides?

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Monitor I V site for phlebitis.

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Action of Penicillin

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Interferes with bacterial wall synthesis

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Is Penicillin bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

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Bacteriocidal

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Prototype of Cephalosporins

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Keflex

Front 26

Which antibiotic is Cephalosporins chemically similar to?

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Penicillin

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Cephalosporins are likely to do what?

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Cross the blood/brain barrier

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First Generation Cephalosporins work best against what?

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Gram positive bacteria

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Second Generation Cephalosporins work best against what?

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Both gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria

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Third Generation Cephalosporins work best against what?

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Gram negative bacteria

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What must you avoid at all costs when on a Cephalosporin antibiotic?

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Alcohol use

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What is Beta-Lactamase?

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An enzyme secreted by a bacteria that inactivates penicillin and cephalosporins. Acts as an outer protective shell for bacteria.

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Action of Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

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Inhibits enzyme and allows antibiotic to be effective on bacteria

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Prototypes of Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

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Augmentin, Unasyn, Zosyn

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What does the first part of a combination antibiotic do?

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Break down outer bacterial shell

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What does the second part of a combination antibiotic drug do?

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Kills bacteria

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Prototype of Macrolides

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Erythromycin

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Action of Macrolides

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Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

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Are Macrolides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

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Bacteriostatic

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Common uses for Macrolides

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Lyme's Disease, Legionnaire's Disease

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Prototype of Fluroquinolones

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Cipro

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Action of Fluroquinolones

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Interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis

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Are Fluroquinolones bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

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Bacteriocidal

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Prototypes of Aminoglycosides

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Vancomycin and Gentamycin

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Action of Aminoglycosides

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Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis

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Are Aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

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Bacteriocidal

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What are the significant side effects of Aminoglycosides?

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Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity

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What lab tests need to be obtained daily for a patient on an Aminoglycoside?

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Drug peaks 30 minutes after dose is given and drug troughs right before dose is given

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Prototype of Tetracyclines

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Vibramycin

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Action of Tetracyclines

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Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

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Are Tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

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Bacteriostatic

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What is a common use for Tetracyclines?

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STDs

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What significant side effects do Tetracyclines cause in fetuses and children less than 8 years old?

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Discoloration in teeth and bones