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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs are increased risk for? |
Yeast infections and C. Dif |
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What is selective toxicity? |
The ability to injure a target cell or target organism without injuring other cells or organisms that are intimate contact with the target |
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What are antibiotics? |
Chemical substances produced from various microorganisms that kill or suppress the growth of other microorganisms. |
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Bacteriostatic |
Inhibit bacteria growth |
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Bactericidal |
Cause bacteria cell death |
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Broad spectrum |
Act against a wide variety |
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Narrow spectrum |
Active against few |
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Aerobes |
Need oxygen |
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Anaerobes |
Don't need oxygen |
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Acquired resistance |
May become less susceptible or lose sensitivity to drug |
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Mechanisms of drug resistance? |
1. Microbes may elaborate drug metabolizing enzymes 2. Microbes may cease active uptake of certain drugs 3. Microbial drug receptors may undergo change 4. Microbes may synthesize compounds that antagonize drug actions |
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Nonsocomial infections are? |
The most difficult to treat |
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What is a suprainfection? |
A new infection that occurs during the course of treatment for a primary one. |
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Sulfonamide uses? |
Mainly UTIs, EColi, and eye and skin |
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Sulfonamide action? |
Bacteriostactic; suppress bacteria growth by inhibiting synthesis of folic acid. |
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True or false; penicillin is the safest but most common cause of drug allergy? |
True |
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Penicillin action? |
Bactericidal; weaken bacterial cell wall. Do not cross Blood Brain Barrier except when meninges are inflamed or presence of fever |
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Substitutions for penicillin? |
Erythromycin or vancomycin |
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How many generations of cephalosporins? |
4. |
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Why do you not give tetracyclines to children under 8? |
Turns their teeth yellow. |
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Tetracyclines are used for? |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, typhus fever, Q fever, Mycoplasma pneumonia, PUD, cholera, acne, malaria, and others |
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True or false; aminoglycosides are not absorbed GI, parental only? |
True |
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If a patient is on aminoglycosides and penicillin, how long do the drugs need to be spaced out? |
At least one hour |
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Aminoglycosides are used for? |
Serious systemic infections, prepare GI tract for surgery, TB in combo with other drugs. |
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What are some adverse effects of aminoglycosides? |
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade |
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Aminoglycosides are ineffective against? |
Anaerobes |
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Do not give aminoglycosides within two hours of? |
Extended spectrum ATB |
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The most serious side effect of fluoroquinones is? |
Seizures |
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With fluoroquinolones, bone and cartilage toxicities are? |
Rare, but should not be given to pediatric clients still growing. Because of risk of tendon rupture |
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With fluoroquinolones, older adults and dialysis clients are at greater risk for? |
Tendon ruptures |
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Clindamycin (Cleocin) is related with? |
C-Difficile |
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Clindamycin can produce a superinfection with? |
Candida (thrush) |
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Chloramphenicol can cause? |
Gray baby syndrome (abd. distension, cyanosis, circulatory collapse) due to interference with cell respiration. It is the last drug of choice |
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What is the difference between Herpes 1 and Herpes 2? |
Herpes 1 is of the mouth, while Herpes 2 is of the genitals |
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Vancomycin can cause what syndrome if infused too fast? How can this be prevented or reduced? |
Redneck or redman syndrome. Just slow down infusion or pre medicate with Benadryl |
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Linezolid should be reserved for what infections? |
VRE or MRSA |
