Anthropology Unit 3 & 4 Test

Front 1

Nuclear family

Back 1

A married or common law couple and their dependant children

Front 2

Extended family

Back 2

A collection of nuclear families related by ties of blood that live together in one household

Front 3

Blended or reconstituted family

Back 3

Parents with children from one or more previous marriages or unions

Front 4

Childless family

Back 4

Couple without children

Front 5

Common law family

Back 5

Unmarried couple with or without children

Front 6

Socialization

Back 6

Process by which people learn to become members of society

Front 7

Divorce

Back 7

A judicial declaration dissolving a marriage in whole or in part.

Front 8

Laissez-Faire

Back 8

Provides little or no direction and gives members as much freedom as possible.

Front 9

Horizontal division of labour

Back 9

Identifies both the range and limits of authority for people in each position. Each person is responsible to a specific person one level up and responsible to a specific person one level down.

Front 10

Vertical division of labour

Back 10

All labour is shared equally and no one's job is above the other.

Front 11

List and explain the 3 assertions of work.

Back 11

Work is central to our existence
- Most of us will spend most of our lifetime working. Our society counts on salaries for their existence.
- Work is the product of social relationship between different groups of people. People seek meaning to their work
- Humans work for more than just economic survival or comfort of living

Front 12

How are advertisements used as an agent of socialization?

Back 12

They introduce and tell people possible ways to act, appear, and think.
Ex. Beauty products; to be beautiful, you must buy these products

Front 13

Why are families important? (Purposes and responsibilities)

Back 13

They provide certain basic needs, such as food, shelter, clothing, social support, and nurture.
Families are responsible for the primary socialization of their children.
Parents control much of the early learning environment of their children.
Socialization is both intentional and unintentional.

Front 14

What are the 5 characteristics of bureaucracies?

Back 14

Division of labour, hierarchy of positions, rules, impersonality, and hiring/promotion based on technical merit.

Front 15

What is division of labour?

Back 15

Workers made products from start to finish.
Every member of a bureaucracy performs named and distinguished duties.

Front 16

What is hierarchy of positions?

Back 16

Each person is responsible to a specific person one level up and responsible for a specific group of people one level down.

Front 17

What are rules?

Back 17

Allows bureaucracies to formalize and classify many different circumstances that it confronts.

Front 18

What is impersonality?

Back 18

Separation of a person from the office.
Each person is an office holder and authority of this office is defined.

Front 19

What is hiring/promotion based on technical merit?

Back 19

People are expected to be hired based on their skills. Hiring is done on a basis of impersonal criteria.

Front 20

How does education separate us from animals?

Back 20

Education has allowed human beings to create complex technologies.
Education has given us the ability to create social institutions and structures.
Our education is formal and organized within an institution.
Formal education is unique to humans.

Front 21

Why is the prevalence rate for divorce close to 50%?

Back 21

Individualism, romantic love fades, women are less dependant on men, marriages are stressful, and divorce is socially acceptable.

Front 22

Which of the 4 leadership styles do you identify with the most?

Back 22

Democratic:
Promotes the sharing of responsibility, the exercises of delegation, and continual consultation.
Welcomes feedback.
Encourage others.
Seeks consultation.

Front 23

Why does domestic violence exists in our society?

Back 23

Stereotypes:
Rigid and inflexible image of the characteristics of a group.
Attributes these characteristics to all individuals to that group.
Ex. media sees females as sexual objects, passive, sexy, and dependant on men.
These stereotypes appear to legitimize men using destructive behaviour, such as abuse.

Front 24

Capitalism

Back 24

Based on private ownership of the means of production – wealth generating property.
An exchange relationship between owners and workers.

Front 25

Centralized Structure

Back 25

Degree in which decision making process is concentrated at a single junction within the organization.

Front 26

Advertisements

Back 26

An agent of socialization that uses media to try to make people look, act, or think a certain way.

Front 27

Advocacy

Back 27

Public support or recommendation of a particular social cause or policy

Front 28

Monogamy

Back 28

Exclusive relationship between 2 people

Front 29

Primary Socialization

Back 29

Socialization is both intentional and unintentional, imposed and reciprocal.
Families are responsible for the primary socialization of their children.

Front 30

Hunter gather work

Back 30

Engaged in a subsistence economy.
Small groups of people living off the land.
Hunting, fishing.

Front 31

Secondary industry

Back 31

Involves the processing of raw materials into useable goods and services.

Front 32

Conventional Roles

Back 32

Based on established practices or acceptable standards.
Husband/father as breadwinner and wife/mother as homemaker.

Front 33

Decentralized Structure

Back 33

Where an organization delegates authority to all levels of management and throughout the organization.

Front 34

Authoritarian Leadership

Back 34

Leader that tells members what they want done and how they want it accomplished without getting advice from followers.

Front 35

Card Stacking

Back 35

Technique used to sway people to a certain way of thinking by focusing on one side of the issue and repressing the other.

Front 36

Hidden curriculum

Back 36

Unwritten purposes and goals of school life; transmission of norms/values.

Front 37

Family

Back 37

Smallest social unit in society.

Front 38

Polygamy

Back 38

Relationship between 2 or more people.
Used to be common in pre-industrial societies and still permitted in few.

Front 39

Work

Back 39

Paid employment in the labour force, unpaid chores at home, and volunteer services in the community.

Front 40

Globalization

Back 40

Attempt to make goods and services available globally by offering customers a product that appeals to different societies and cultures.

Front 41

Shared Roles

Back 41

Where both parties do all work and/or household responsibilities.

Front 42

Bureaucracy

Back 42

Created by Max Weber during the Industrial Revolution.
Organizational model designed to perform tasks efficiently.

Front 43

Self-Employment

Back 43

A person who owns, organizes, and manages an independent business.

Front 44

Mass media

Back 44

Forms of communication to reach large audiences without direct face to face contact between those creating and receiving the messages.

Front 45

Enculturation

Back 45

Passing on of culture which teaches us how to "fit in" and be accepted by other members of our cultural group.

Front 46

Domestic Violence

Back 46

Acts of violence/abuse against a person living in one's household.

Front 47

Industrial Society Work

Back 47

When machine moved workers from home into factories.
People became employees instead of independent workers.
Cities became overcrowded.

Front 48

Tertiary Industry

Back 48

Segment of the economy providing services to its consumers.

Front 49

Free Choice Marriage

Back 49

Based on romantic love with the belief that personal and emotional compatibility and love are more important than family concerns.

Front 50

Hierarchy of offices

Back 50

Ranking positions in an organization in order of dominance or importance.

Front 51

Gender Wage Gap

Back 51

Average difference between males' and females' hourly earnings.
Caused by differences in types of position, amount of work experience, and breaks in employment.

Front 52

Ownership Concentration

Back 52

Amount of stock owned by individual investors and large-block shareholders.

Front 53

Formal education

Back 53

Learning that takes place in institutions in an organized way.

Front 54

Popular culture

Back 54

Culture produced and shared through mass media by a large number of people over wide areas.