Cultural Anthropology Test 3

Front 1

balanced reciprocity

Back 1

A mode of exchange in which the giving and the receiving are specific as to the value of the goods and the time of their delivery.

Front 2

conspicuous consumption

Back 2

A showy display of wealth for social prestige.

Front 3

economic system

Back 3

An organized arrangement for producing, distributing, and consuming goods.

Front 4

generalized reciprocity

Back 4

A mode of exchange in which the value of what is given is not calculated, nor is the time of repayment specified.

Front 5

informal economy

Back 5

A network of producing and circulating marketable commodities, labor, and services that for various reasons escape government control.

Front 6

Kula ring

Back 6

A form of balanced reciprocity that reinforces trade relations among the seafaring Trobriand Islanders and other Melanesians.

Front 7

leveling mechanism

Back 7

A cultural obligation that no one permanently accumulates significantly more wealth than anyone else.

Front 8

market exchange

Back 8

The buying and selling of goods and services, with prices set by rules of supply and demand.

Front 9

money

Back 9

Something used to make payments for other goods and services as well as to measure their value.

Front 10

negative reciprocity

Back 10

A form of exchange in which the aim is to get something for as little as possible. Neither fair nor balanced, it may involve hard bargaining, manipulation, and outright cheating.

Front 11

potlatch

Back 11

On the northwest coast of North America, a ceremonial event in which a village chief publicly gives away stockpiled food and other goods that signify wealth.

Front 12

prestige economy

Back 12

Creation of a surplus for the express purpose of gaining prestige through a public display of wealth that is given away as gifts.

Front 13

reciprocity

Back 13

The exchange of goods and services, of approximately equal value, between two parties.

Front 14

redistribution

Back 14

A form of exchange in which goods flow into a central place, where they are sorted, counted, and reallocated.

Front 15

silent trade

Back 15

A form of product exchange in which mutually distrusting ethnic groups avoid direct personal contact.

Front 16

technology

Back 16

Tools and other material equipment, together with the knowledge of how to make and use them.

Front 17

affinal kin

Back 17

People related through marriage.

Front 18

ambilocal residence

Back 18

A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose either matrilocal or patrilocal residence.

Front 19

bride service

Back 19

A designated period of time when the groom works for the bride’s family.

Front 20

bridewealth

Back 20

Money or valuable goods paid by the groom or his family to the bride’s family upon marriage; also called bride–price.

Front 21

conjugal family

Back 21

A family established through marriage.

Front 22

consanguineal family

Back 22

A family of “blood relatives” consisting of related women, their brothers, and the women's offspring.

Front 23

consanguineal kin

Back 23

Biologically related relatives, commonly referred to as blood relatives.

Front 24

cross cousin

Back 24

Child of a mother’s brother or a father’s sister.

Front 25

dowry

Back 25

Payment of a woman’s inheritance at the time of her marriage, either to her or to her husband.

Front 26

endogamy

Back 26

Marriage within a particular group or category of individuals.

Front 27

exogamy

Back 27

Marriage outside the group.

Front 28

extended family

Back 28

Two or more closely related nuclear families clustered together into a large domestic group.

Front 29

family

Back 29

Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. The family may take many forms, ranging from a single parent with one or more children, to a married couple or polygamous spouses with or without offspring, to several generations of parents and their children.

Front 30

fictive marriage

Back 30

Marriage by proxy to the symbols of someone not physically present to establish the social status of a spouse and heirs.

Front 31

group marriage

Back 31

Marriage in which several men and women have sexual access to one another; also called co–marriage.

Front 32

household

Back 32

The basic residential unit where economic production, consumption, inheritance, childrearing, and shelter are organized and carried out.

Front 33

incest taboo

Back 33

The prohibition of sexual relations between specified individuals, usually parent and child and sibling relations at a minimum.

Front 34

marriage

Back 34

A culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations between the people, between them and their children, and between them and their in–laws. Such marriage rights and obligations most often include, but are not limited to, sex, labor, property, childrearing, exchange, and status.

Front 35

matrilocal residence

Back 35

A residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the wife’s mother’s place of residence.

Front 36

monogamy

Back 36

Marriage in which both partners have just one spouse.

Front 37

neolocal residence

Back 37

A pattern in which a married couple establishes the household in a location apart from either the husband’s or the wife’ relatives.

Front 38

nuclear family

Back 38

A group consisting of one or two parents and dependent offspring, which may include a stepparent, stepsiblings, and adopted children. Until recently this term referred only to the father, mother, and child(ren) unit.

Front 39

parallel cousin

Back 39

Child of a father’s brother or a mother’s sister.

Front 40

patrilocal residence

Back 40

A residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the husband’s father’s place of residence.

Front 41

polyandry

Back 41

Marriage of a woman to two or more men at one time; a form of polygamy.

Front 42

polygamy

Back 42

One individual having multiple spouses at the same time; from the Greek words poly (“many”) and gamos (“marriage”).

Front 43

polygyny

Back 43

Marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time; a form of polygamy.

Front 44

serial monogamy

Back 44

A marriage form in which a man or a woman marries or lives with a series of partners in succession.