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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human Evolution time line: 6 mya |
Split from African apes and bipedalism |
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Human Evolution time line: 2.5-2 mya |
first major increase in brain size & first stone tools |
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Human Evolution time line: 200,000 ya |
modern cranial shape, first members of homo line appeared |
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Human Evolution time line: 12,000 ya |
reliance on agriculture |
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Human Evolution time line: 6,000 ya |
first civilizations and complex state-level societies |
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Human Evolution time line: 250 ya |
industrial revolution |
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Where have early hominids been found? |
East and South Africa |
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Two Species of early Homo line |
- Homo habilis - Homo rudolfensis
most likely evolved from A. garhi or A. africanus |
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Homo habilis characteristics |
- "handy man" -brain significantly larger, face & dentition smaller - first to use tools - Oldowan tools, Tanzania |
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Homo habilis vs. A. africanus |
- higher cranium - increased brain size: avg 650 cc - less post-orbital constriction - more rounded cranium - face smaller relative to cranium - thinner, smaller mandible - less prognathic - smaller teeth |
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Homo erectus/egaster characteristics |
- "Turkana Boy" : no wisdom teeth - first to control fire - first to leave Africa - erectus : asian, egaster : african - Acheulean tools, hand axe, 1.5 mya |
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Homo erectus vs. Homo habilis |
- increased cranial capacity - sagittal keep - shorter face - less postorbital constriction - receding forehead - max breadth at base - more muscled & robust than modern humans |
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Homo florensis |
- "The Hobbit" - Ling Bua, Flores, Indonesia.2003 - about 12 found - 3.5 ft tall - island dwarfing |
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"Archaic" Homo sapiens |
- later homo - 780,000 ya : Spain - appeared w/ features that were a mix of H. erectus and H. sapiens |
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Homo heidlebergensis |
- named after German city - larger cranial capacity, 10% smaller than current human brain size (1206 cc) - more diverse than H. erectus - levallois tools - primitive shelters - more efficient hunting techniques |
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Levallois tool method |
stone core is prepared in such a way that finished tools can be removed from it by a final blow |
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After disappearance of H. heidlebergensis, which two groups emerged? |
- Neanderthals - modern human |
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Neanderthals |
- first found in Germany, mid-1800s - first thought to be a cave bear - Mousterian tools - inhabited caves - efficient game hunters, tackled animals? - largest absolute brain size, 1520 cc - occipital bun
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Are Neanderthal traits present in modern humans? |
Yes. They are a subspecies of H. sapiens. |
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Modern humans |
- first appearance in Africa about 200,000 ya - reached Europe about 150,000 ya - only one with chin - largest relative brain size, 1325 cc |
