Anthro 101

Front 1

Animism

Back 1

Belief in souls or doubles

Front 2

Black English Vernacular (BEV)

Back 2

A rule-governed dialect of American English with roots in southern English. BEV is spoken by African American youth and by many adults in their casual, intimate speech- sometimes called "ebonics."

Front 3

Cargo Cults

Back 3

Postcolonial, acculturative religious movements, common in Melanesia, that attempt to explain European domination and wealth to achieve similar success magically by mimicking Europen behavior.

Front 4

Communitas

Back 4

Intense community spirit, a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characterstic of people experiencing liminality together.

Front 5

Core

Back 5

Dominant structural position in the world system; consists of the strongest and most powerful states with advanced systems of production.

Front 6

Periphery

Back 6

Weakest structural position in the world system.

Front 7

Semiperiphery

Back 7

Structural position in the world system intermediate between core and periphery.

Front 8

art

Back 8

an object or event that evokes an aesthetic reaction- a sense of beauty, appreciation, harmony, and/or pleasure; the quality, production, expression, or realm of what is beautiful or of more than ordinar significance; the class of objects subject to aesthetic criteria.

Front 9

Diglossia

Back 9

The existance of "high" (formal) and "low" (informal, familial) dialects of a single language, such as German.

Front 10

Domestic-public dichotomy

Back 10

Contrast between women's role in the home and men's role in public life, with a corresponding social devaluation of women's work and worth.

Front 11

Focal vocabulary

Back 11

A set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups (those with particular foci of experience or activity), such as types of snow in Eskimos or skiers.

Front 12

Folk

Back 12

Of the people; originally coined for European peasants; refers to the art, music, and lore of ordinary people, as contrasted with the "high" art or "classic" art of the European elites.

Front 13

Fundamentalism

Back 13

Descripes antimodernist movements in various religions. Fundamentalists assert an identity separate from the larger religious group from which they arose; they advocate strict fidelity to the "true" religious principles on which the larger religion was founded.

Front 14

Gender roles

Back 14

The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex.

Front 15

Honorific

Back 15

A term, such as "Mr." or "Lord" used with people, often by being added to their names, to "honor" them.

Front 16

Intervention philosophy

Back 16

Guiding principle of colonialism, conquest, missionization, or development; an ideological justification for outsiders to guide native peoples in specific directions.

Front 17

Lexicon

Back 17

Vocabulary; a deictionary containing all the morphemes in a language and their meanings.

Front 18

Magic

Back 18

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims.

Front 19

Mana

Back 19

Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesian religions.

Front 20

Morphology

Back 20

The study of form; used in linguistics( the study of morphemes and word construction) and for form in general - for example, biomorpholgy relates to physical form.

Front 21

Phenology

Back 21

The study of sounds used in speech.

Front 22

Rites of Passage

Back 22

Culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another.

Front 23

Sapir- Whorf hypothesis

Back 23

Theory that different languages produce different ways of thinking.

Front 24

Syncretisms

Back 24

Cultural mixes, including religious blends, that emerge from acculturation- the exchange of cultural features when cultures come into continuous firsthand contact.

Front 25

British colonialism

Back 25

1. The search for resources and new markets to increase profits fueled British colonialism.

2. The first phase of British colonialism was concentrated in the New World, west Africa, and India and came to a close with the American Revolution.

3. During the second period of colonialism, Britain eventually controlled most of India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and large portions of eastern and southern Africa.

4. British colonial efforts were justified by what Kipling called "white man’s burden," which asserted that native peoples were not capable of governing themselves and needed the white British colonialist to provide and maintain order.

Front 26

Characteristics of Medical systems

Back 26

1.) Integral parts of culture
2.) Illness is culturally defined
3.)Both preventitive and curative sides
4.) Multiple functions

Front 27

Colonialism and Identity

Back 27

1. Ethnic and political distinctions around the world were severely disrupted by colonialism.

2. For example, many of the modern political boundaries in west Africa are based on linguistic, political, and economic contrasts that are the result of European colonial policies in the region.

Front 28

White man's burden

Back 28

Native people are not capable of governing themselves.

Front 29

Euphemism

Back 29

Substitution of an inoffensive word for a more pleasant one. (i.e. someone passed away)

Front 30

Grammar

Back 30

A. Chomsky argues that the universal grammar is finite, and the fact that any language is translatable to any other language is taken to be evidence supporting this claim.

Front 31

Hypercorrection

Back 31

correcting a mistake that isn't there.

Front 32

Language and Gender

Back 32

1.) Men and women have different styles of speaking
2.) Computer voices are usually male, because more believable.

Front 33

Morphology

Back 33

Morphology studies the forms in which sounds are grouped in speech.

Front 34

Noam Chomsky

Back 34

Proposed that there is universal grammer, or a basic set of principles and rules that underlie all language.

Front 35

Sign Language

Back 35

1. A few nonhuman primates have been able to learn to use American Sign Language (ASL).

a. Washoe, a chimpanzee, eventually acquired a vocabulary of over 100 ASL signs.

b. Lucy, another chimpanzee, lived in a foster family until she was introduced to the "wild," where she was killed by poachers.

c. Koko, a gorilla, regularly uses 400 ASL signs and has used 700 at least once.

2. These nonhuman primates have displayed some "human-like" capacities with ASL.

a. Joking and lying.

b. Cultural transmission: they have tried to teach ASL to other animals.

c. Productivity: they have combined two or more signs to create a new expressions.

d. Displacement: the ability to talk about things that are not present.

Front 36

Inis Beag

Back 36

Saw sex as negative, barely participated in intercourse

Front 37

Mangaia

Back 37

Sex positive, frequent sexual relations.

Front 38

Revitilization Movements

Back 38

1. Religious movements that act as mediums for social change are called revitalization movements.

2. The colonial-era Iroquois reformation led by Handsome Lake is an example of a revitalization movement.

Front 39

Rastafarianism

Back 39

1.) Rejected capitalism
2.)Revert back to African lifestyle
3.)

Front 40

Emergence of the World System

Back 40

Colonialism and imperialism created the worlds system when people started producting for profit instead of sustinance

Front 41

Industrialization of Malaysia

Back 41

Women became "possessed by spirits" due to poor working conditions.

Front 42

Development of medical anthro

Back 42

1.) Biological Anthro
2.) Early ethnographers
3.) Culture and personality
4.) International public health movement