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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anthropology
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The study of all aspects of the human experience
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Paleoanthropology
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The study of fossil humans and human relatives
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Hypothesis
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A testable explanation for the observed facts
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Theory
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A set of supported hypotheses
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Genetics
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Study of the basic structure and processes of DNA
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Genome
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Total DNA in a particular species (human or other)
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Genomics
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Study of the DNA including all associated molecules, chemicals, and evolutionary patterns
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Natural Selection
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Process by which the "better" fit individuals in a population are able to live longer and produce more offspring than those that are "lesser" fit
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"Survival of the Fittest"
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Survival of the "fittest" that reproduce the most
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Darwin
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-Early views on evolution
-He developed the concept of Natural Selection -Finches |
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Thomas Malthus
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-Famous philosopher
-Wrote, "Essays on the principles of population" -Darwin developed the concept of Natural Selection after reading a reprint of the essay _____ wrote. |
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Lamarck
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-"Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics" was His hypotheses to explain evolution
-Things that happened to us in our life, would somehow be passed down -Despite inaccuracy, he had a consistent explanation |
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Lyell
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-Greatly influenced Darwin
-"Father of Geology" -Uniformitarianism-everything was dynamic -Uniformly happening, everything always changing |
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Alfred R. Wallace
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-Naturalist
-He had similar ideas as Darwin -Sent Darwin a letter about his thoughts on Natural Selection etc. (were the same conclusions Darwin had made in the draft of his manuscript) |
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Archbishop Ussher
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He did calculations in 1650 and determined that the earth was created in 4004 BC
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Cuvier
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-"Catastrophism"
-Father of paleontology -Father of comparative physical things -Found fossils He believed, that God created everything, then catastrophe would strike, and then God would recreate it |
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Gregor Mendel
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-Augustinian Monk
-Earliest scholar -Famous experimentation with pea plants in 1856 |
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Scientific Method vs. "Belief" Myth
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Scientific Method:Seeks predictable explanations, Critical Thinking, Discovery, Observation, Hypothesizing, Experimentation, and testing
Myth:“A story that is believed to be true by the people who tell it.” Based on belief, Makes sense of the world, Explains, Sacred story |
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"Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics"
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Lamarck's hypothesis to explain evolution
-Things that happened to us in our life, would somehow be passed down -Despite inaccuracy, he had a consistent explanation |
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"Catastrophism"
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George Cuvier's idea of Special Creation/Catastrophism
-God created all, catastrophe destroys, God recreates all |
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"Uniformitarianism"
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Charles Lyell (greatly influenced Darwin)
-Things were uniformly happening, always changing |
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Speciation
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The process by which new species arise
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Fission
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The splitting of a population to found new populations
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Gene Flow
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The moving and mixing of genes when populations within a species move about and interbreed (migration)
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Genetic Drift
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Random change in gene
frequencies of a finite population. -Very small populations are most affected ex: Albinism in the San Blas Cuna & Swiss Alps village |
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Founder Effect
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-Type of genetic drift
-Small population colonizes new habitat -There are random genetic changes due to small size of initial population |
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Convergent Evolution
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Evolution of similar adaptive traits in unrelated forms
ex: fish and whales (sort of similar look, very different animals) |
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Parallel Evolution
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-Similar adaptive traits in forms once related
-Independently developed |
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ABO Blood Group
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-A and B are dominant to O and co-dominant to one another
-O is the most common |
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Cline
(Clinal Distribution) |
The way a particular trait varies over a wide space
-A geographic continuum in the variation of a particular trait -Also called: Continuous Variation ex:the ABO Blood Group in the frequency distribution of the alleles A, B, and 0 ex:skin pigmentation |
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Nationality
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The relationship between a person and their state of origin, culture, association, affiliation and/or loyalty
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Acclimatization
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•Physiological response
•Individual •Response to environment •Takes place in weeks or months ex: Changes in pigmentation - such as “tanning” Is the result of this |
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"Terminator Seeds"
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DON'T KNOW
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