Anthro 104 - Midterm 1 Review

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Kogwayay

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Kogwayay refers to the customs that make the Gebusi different from others" (17). According to Knauft, "it refers especially to their distinctive traditions of singing, dancing, and bodily decoration"

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Sister Exchange

Back 2

Based on reciprocal exchange, men from other bands exchange sisters or other females to whom they have ties. A form of marriage

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Adameni

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From the Gebusi, “adameni” is a love potion used to lure ladies. Knauft confuses this with an old initiation sex custom in which a teenager performs oral sex on a man—to achieve manhood

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In-betweener society

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stuck between two societies, no clear identification to one or the other

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Reflexivity

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denotes the constant mutuality that is maintained in all social interaction, and particularly in the relationship between fieldworker and informant.

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Ethnocentrism

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Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own.

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Emic

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description of story/belief/event told from an insider's perspective

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Etic

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description of story/belief/event as told from an outsider's perspective

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Cultural Relativism

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Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture.

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Thick Description

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a thick description of a human behavior is one that explains not just the behavior, but its context as well, such that the behavior becomes meaningful to an outsider.

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Enthography

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the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures

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Ethnology

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the study of the characteristics of various peoples and the differences and relationships between them

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Salvage Ethnography

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a term used by anthropologists beginning in the 1960s used as part of a critique of 19th century ethnography and early modern anthropology. Anthropology regarding language or culture being lost to new development / civilization. The term was coined by Jacob Gruber

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Bronislaw Malinowski

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pioneered research in reciprocity. Worked mainly in Papa New Guinea

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Frank Hamilton Cushing

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helped establish participant observation as a common anthropological research strategy

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Franz Boas

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"Father of American Anthropology" and "the Father of Modern Anthropology." He applied the scientific method to the study of human cultures and societies; previously this discipline was based on the formulation of grand theories around anecdotal knowledge.

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Intensive agriculture

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Intensive farming or intensive agriculture is an agricultural production system characterized by the high inputs of capital, labour, or heavy usage of technologies such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers relative to land area.

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Industrial agriculture

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Industrial farming is a form of modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops. The methods of industrial agriculture are technoscientific, economic, and political.

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Horticulture (in context)

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Horticulture usually refers to gardening on a smaller scale, while agriculture refers to the large-scale cultivation of crops.

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Sapir-Whort hypothesis

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a hypothesis, first advanced by Edward Sapir in 1929 and subsequently developed by Benjamin Whorf, that the structure of a language determines a native speaker's perception and categorization of experience.