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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anthro means...
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human
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Anthropology =
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study of humanity (a social science)
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Anthropology was founded by...
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Franz Boaz (Columbia University)
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What are the two basic arenas of anthropology?
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Physical & Cultural
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Archaeology =
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the study of past human behavior using material remains (the study of prehistory)
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Archaeology: Lithic Technology =
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stone tools
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Archaeology: chronometric dating =
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age
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Archaeology: palynology =
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pollen studies (to reconstruct environments)
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Forensic anthropology =
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identifying human remains. Massacres, ground zero, etc -- how many people? gender? etc
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Linguistic anthropology =
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the study of human language both spoken & written over time - about understanding world view - how people think.
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Phonetics & Syntax =
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Phonetics = how things sound. Syntax = structure of idea, how ideas are shaped. how views are expressed.
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cultural anthropology =
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the study of human culture w/participant observation. (literally going & participating with people)
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Cultural Anthro: Ethnography =
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the study of one culture (data on ONE specific culture)
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Cultural Anthro: Ethnology =
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cross-cultural comparison
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Culture defined:
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integrated system of learned & shared patterns of behavior & ideas among a defined group of people. culture is the human adaptive mechanism w/the world. Culture shapes our reality. the more complex the culture is, the less perfect the integration is.
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Cultural categories:
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religious, social (& kinship), political, economics
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enculturation =
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the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture.
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social distance
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("too close" on elevator, walking toward someone while talking.....) not present in many cultures
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cultural relativism
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value neutral - do not judge based on your own enculturation.
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ethnocentrism
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judging unfairly by your own cultural values
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physical anthropology =
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the study of the biological aspects of humans & their relatives. *genetics *osteology (bones) *morphology (shape of things) *paleontology (study of fossils) &primatology (study of primates)
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fossil
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when organic tissue is replaced by mineral
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Science =
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a way of knowing based on observation & experiment ------> empirical data (verifiable data). scientists are influenced by the culture & society to which they belong. science is not a belief system. science is not always right.
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Basic Principles of Science:
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1) there is a real & knowable universe. 2) the universe operates according to laws. 3) the laws are immutable. 4) the laws can be understood.
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critical thinking =
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careful analysis, clarifying our thought processes, thoughtfully examining info presented to you. establishing verifiable facts through direct & indirect observation.
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scientific method:
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*observation *hypothesis *test *results - accept or reject *theory - well supported hypothesis. science is "self correcting"
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epistemology:
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is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge. How do you know what you know? how did they obtain info? personal motivations? what is the source of the info? are they an expert?
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