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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pros and cons of culture area approach of native people in north america?
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arbitrary (depends on person making map), static (refer to a specific time) boundaries are diffuse,
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Early figures in study of N.A. indians
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Clark Wissler- culture approach
Franz Boaz- salvage ethnography Alfred Kroeber- correlate environment and cultural traits |
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What makes anthropology unique?
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study of culture is biological and nonbiological, study of physical, biological humanity characteristics
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How many federally recognized Native groups are there in the U.S.?
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563
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Proclamation of 1763
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Natives removed
1. consent 2. compensated 3. crown approval |
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Canada 1857
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Enfranchisement:
become citizen, lose Indian status, titles to land, women same as their husbands |
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Eskimo kinship
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bilateral
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England/ Native views about land
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something to be own, used/ can't be owned, is shared
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France's interest in New World
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commecrial interest in fur trade, later religion
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Russia's interest in New World
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trade, sold AK to US to hurt Britain in 1857/9
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When did the Contact Period begin?
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1400's
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When did manifest destiny occur? What did it mean?
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US colonial period, 1620-1756, taking what they believed was theirs
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When did reservations become established in Canada and the US?
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1870s
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Which continent was most linguistically diverse during the beginning of the Contact period?
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North America
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The role of infectious diseases in social changes
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thought white men could protect them, but they still died, and then couldn't leave the white man's control
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Where did the first people come from?
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band levels ocieties crossing the Bering Strait, glaciers melted or, Atlantic Route, studies of mtDNA pauses
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Where in the NW territories did the 1999 Eastern Inuit autonomy become established?
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Nunavut
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Subsitence for the colder tribes
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whaling in spring
fishing, caribou, berries in summer fish, caribou in autumn sealing in winter trade mammals to inland groups |
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Arctic boat travel
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kayak, umiak
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Paleo-Indian
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first people to enter and inhabit the American continent
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What happened to the ALeuts during World War II?
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inhabited by the Japanese
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Northwest Coast societies
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fish, game, los of sharing languages and exogamy, salmon,
northern hereditary leadership south, wealth, family, extended ties and winter village important nobles, secondary, low slaves |
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Alaska Native Brotherhood
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founded 1912 by Presbyterian Native Leaders throughout SE AK, recognition of citizenship rights, education, abolition and aboriginal custom, school system discrimination, resistance against reservations
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Seasonal Round
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switch out crops, the Nez Perez tribe couldn't grow food, white men selling their food away
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Environment of NA approx. 10,000 BP?
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went from cool to hot
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What small part of the diet expanded afer 400-800 AD?
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maize
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Plateau Indians
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many linguistic groups in one area, extend family with bilateral kinship with village exogamy, patrilocal marriage
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Thule
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most visible archaelogical Canadian culture originated in NW AK one thousand ad spread to greenland, probably to follow whales
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Homestead Act 1862
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opened up indian land to settlement
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Green Corn Ceremony
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celebrates new year, renewal in various Iroquoian "civilized" tribes
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Five Civilized Tribes
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the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole, which were considered civilized by white settlers during that time period because they adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors.
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Trail of Tears
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the relocation and movement of Native Americans, including many members of the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole,and Choctaw nations among others in the United States, from their homelands to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) in the Western United States.
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Iroquois League
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often known as the Five Nations, and comprised the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations.
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Mission Indians
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appellation, identifies various California native tribes and bands, mostly coastal or adjacent inland valleys and uplands. The Shoshone formed a large group mostly in Southern California. These Native Americans were brought to live in the 21 Spanish missions in California.
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AIM
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The initial AIM movement
AIM was founded at a time of continuing social change and protest following achievement of national legislation of the Civil Rights Movement, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. The tactics AIM adopted were based on its leaders' perceptions that Indian activists had failed to achieve enough results at the time of its founding. AIM believed that advocates for Indian interests who had worked within the American political system had not been effective. The political system simply ignored Indian interests. The AIM leadership decided at its founding that a more aggressive approach had to be adopted in order for their voices to be heard. Up to this time, Indian advocacy had worked within the system by lobbying activities with the US Congress and the state legislatures.[3] [edit] Early AIM protests AIM used the American press and media to present its own unvarnished message to the United States public. It did so by ensuring an event which the press would want to cover. If successful, news outlets would seek out AIM spokespersons for interviews and receive its message. Instead of relying on traditional lobbying efforts, like other activist groups, AIM sought to control its message to the American public. AIM was always on the look out for an event that would result in publicity. Sound bites such as the "AIM Song" were often caught on camera and quickly became associated with the movement. |
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ANCSA
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The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, commonly abbreviated ANCSA, was signed into law by President Richard M. Nixon on December 18, 1971, the largest land claims settlement in United States history. ANCSA was intended to resolve the long-standing issues surrounding aboriginal land claims in Alaska, as well as to stimulate economic development throughout Alaska. The settlement extinguished Alaska Native claims to the land by transferring titles to twelve Alaska Native regional corporations and over 200 local village corporations. A thirteenth regional corporation was later created for Alaska Natives who no longer resided in Alaska.
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Native American Church
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Native American Church, a religious denomination which practices Peyotism or the Peyote religion, originated in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans. Peyotism involves the use of the entheogen Peyote, a spineless cactus.
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NAGPRA
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The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), Pub.L. 101-601, 104 Stat. 3048, is a United States federal law passed on 16 November 1990 requiring federal agencies and institutions that receive federal funding[1] to return Native American cultural items and human remains to their respective peoples. Cultural items include funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony. In addition, it authorizes a program of federal grants to assist in the repatriation process. It is now the strongest federal legislation pertaining to aboriginal remains and artifacts.
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Navajo-Hopi land dispute
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Navajo were moved onto Hopi land, began to overrun it
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Natchez leadership
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mostly ceremonial, position of Sun God
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Plains horses
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around 1700s from Spanish/Pueblo Indians
helped make sedentary nomadic life much easier aided in buffalo hunts |
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Ancestors of Pueblo?
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Anasazi
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