Anterior Abdominal Wall

Front 1

What are the four quadrants of the abdomen? What are they divided by?

Back 1

Right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
median plane vertically, and transumbilical plane horizontally

Front 2

What is the spinal segment and dermatome of the umbilicus?

Back 2

spinal segment- L3,4
Dermatome - T10

Front 3

What is a midline groove extending from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis? What extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and what is it derived from?

Back 3

Linea alba
Inguinal ligament, derived from aponeurosis of external abdominis oblique muscle

Front 4

What are the abdominal tendinous intersections?

Back 4

3-5 fibrous structures transverse to the rectus abdominis muscles

Front 5

Make flash cards for the contents of the 4 quadrants pg 185

Back 5

contents

Front 6

What is the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscles, and how many of them are there?

Back 6

semilunar line, 2 one for each side

Front 7

What is McBurney's point?

Back 7

It is the appendix location, it is 1/3 of the distance from the ASIS to umbilicus
ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine

Front 8

What is the cutaneous innervation: 1- superior to the umbilicus 2- region of the umbilicus, 3- inferior to the umbilicus?

Back 8

1- T7-9
T10
T11-L1

Front 9

What are the nerves T7-T11 known as? T12?

Back 9

T7-11 are the thoracoabdominal nerves
T12 subcostal nerves

Front 10

What is the cutaneous innervation of the xiphoid process? Pubic region? What are these nerves a continuation of?

Back 10

1- T7
2- L1
Continuation of the intercostal nerve from the ventral rami

Front 11

What are the layers of tissue on the abdominal wall, through muscle to internal lining

Back 11

Skin -> Fatty superficial fascia (Campers) -> Membranous deep layer of fascia (Scarpa's) -> 3 layers of deep fascia surrounding the external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominal muscle -> transversalis fascia -> endoabdominal (extraperitoneal) fat -> Parietal Peritoneum

Front 12

What muscles are in the lateral group of the abdominal wall?

Back 12

External oblique, Internal oblique, transverse abdominal

Front 13

What is the fiber direction, the lower border forms, the action, and innervation of the external oblique m?

Back 13

1- inferomedial
2- inguinal ligament
3- compress the abdominal content; both sides act to flex vertebral column; one side alone bends vertebra laterally and rotates it bringing the SAME side shoulder forward
4- T7-T11 Thoracoabdominal and T12 sucostal

Front 14

What does compressing the abdominal content aid in?

Back 14

defecation, micturition, parturition

Front 15

What is the fiber direction, the action, and innervation of the internal oblique m?

Back 15

1- superomedial
2- compress the abdominal content; both sides act together to flex vertebral column; one side alone bends vertebral laterally and rotates it bringing the OPPOSITE shoulder forward. Indivdual muscle rotates and flexes vertebral column
3- T7-T11 thoracoabdominal and T12 subcostal, and the iliohypogastric an dilioinguinal nerves L1

Front 16

What is the fiber direction, the action, and innervation transverse abdominal m?

Back 16

1- most are horizontal
2- compress the abdominal content
3- T7-T11 thoracoabdominal and T12 subcostal nerves; and the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

Front 17

What two muscles are in the anterior muscle group?

Back 17

rectus abdominis m, and Pyramidalis

Front 18

What is the rectus abdominis divided by, what is its action and innervation?

Back 18

1. 3-5 tendinous intersections
2. tenses the abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column
3. innervation: T7-T11 thoracoabdominal and T12 subcostal n.

Front 19

What is shape, action, and innervation of the pyramidalis m?

Back 19

small triangular m
2. tenses linea alba
3. Subcostal (T12)

Front 20

What is the abdominal rectus sheath composed of?

Back 20

the aponeurosis of the anterior portion of the three flat muscles that enclose the rectus abdominis

Front 21

What is the arcuate line?

Back 21

a difference in color created by the two aponeuroses of different color

Front 22

Above the arcuate line, what are the aponeurosis anterior to the rectus abdominis, and posterior?

Back 22

Anterior - aponeurosis of the external abdominis, and 1/2 of the internal abdominis
Posterior- 1/2 of internal abdominis, the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis and the transversalis fascia

Front 23

Below the arcuate line, what are the aponeurosis anterior to the rectus abdominis, and posterior?

Back 23

Anterior - aponeurosis of the external and internal abdominis obliques, and the transversus abdominis
Posterior - transversalis fascia

Front 24

What is the origin of the:
Median umbilical ligament
Medial umbilical ligaments
Lateral umbilical folds function not origin?

Back 24

1- remnant of urachus (from allantois)
2- remnants of the occluded fetal umbilical arteries
3- cover the inferior epigastric vessels

Front 25

If which ligament is patent causes urine to show up in the umbilicus?

Back 25

Median

Front 26

What are the two superfical arteries in the anterior abdomen?

Back 26

Superficial epigastric from femoral and the superficial circumflex iliac artery from femoral. Some from posterior intercostal and subcostal

Front 27

What does the descending thoracic aorta become after the diaphragm, what does it split into, and when is it considered femoral?

Back 27

After the diaphragm, splits into the internal iliac, becomes femoral artery after passing the inguinal ligament

Front 28

What are four major anterior abdomen arteries and where do they branch from?

Back 28

Musculophrenic and superior epigastric from internal thoracic a, and the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac a. from the external iliac a

Front 29

Important anastomoses in the anterior abdomen?

Back 29

subclavian - internal thoracic to superior to inferior epigastric to the femoral a.