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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two definitions for evolution? |
1) change in allele frequency between generations |
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What are the 4 theoretical mechanisms of evolution?
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mutation
natural selection genetic drift gene flow |
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What is mutation?
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Mutation is a change in gene sequence.
3 types: insertion, deletion, substitution insertion and deletion are frame shift mutations. substitution is the substitution of one or more nucleotide for another nucleotide. insertion and deletion is the loss or gain of a nucleotide in the protein chain. 2 broader types = synonymous and non-synonymous = same protein production and different protein production |
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What is natural selection?
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Differential fitness of a phenotype or genotype in the context of a specific environment.
A trait will aid in the survival or reproduction of an individual based upon their environment. Though a trait that works for one individual in a specific environment may not work in another environment. |
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What is genetic drift?
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Random fluctuation of alleles between generations that has no impact on fitness.
There will be less variability within a population, and more variability between populations. A gene will try and reach fixation by either reaching 100% or 0%. |
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What is gene flow?
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Two previously isolated populations come together to create novelty genes.
There will be an increase in variability within the populations and a decrease between variability because similarity increases. |
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Phagocytic Cells
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responsible for showing up and consuming invasive organisms
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Antigens
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decide who can bond with the antibodies (who is friend vs. who is enemy)
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Type AB Blood
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A and B antigens attached to blood cells, and no antibodies. This blood type is a universal recipient!
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Type O Blood
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Type A and B antibodies, but don't have A and B antigens. They are the universal donor. Only used in an emergency though!
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Geographical distribution of
A allele B allele O allele |
A exists at no greater than 40%
B exists at no greater than 30% O exists at no lower than 50% |
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What is resistant to Malaria?
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Heterozygous
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AA allele and S allele
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homozygous recessive and dominant are neither immune to malaria.
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