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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the largest organ of the body
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skin
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what does thick skin contain
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sweat glands
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what does thin skin contain
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hair, sebaceous glands and some sweat
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what helps epidermal cells with durability and impermeability
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keratin and desmosomes
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what is the skins PH
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4-6
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Is the skin acidic or basic
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acidic
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why is the skin acidic
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for protection against bacteria
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EXPLAIN TRANSDERMAL ABSORPTION
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vitamin d synthesis for bones
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what is the epidermis made up of
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keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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what are the 5 types of cells in the epidermis
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keratinocytes, stem cells, melanocytes, tactile merkel, and dendritic langerhans
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what layer is stratum basale
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innermost layer of the epidermis
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what layer rests on the basement membranes
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stratum basale
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what does the stratum basale consists of
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single layer of cubodial stem cells and keratinocytes
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what is also scattered in the stratum basale
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melanocytes and tactile cells
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what is layer is the stratum spinosum
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next layer up from the basale
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what does the stratum spinosum consist of
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several layers of keratincocytes
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where does the mitosis of cells occur
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stratum spinosum
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what are keratinocytes firmly attached to each other by
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desmosomes and tight junctions
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what does the stratum granulosum consist of
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3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes with granules
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WHAT are the granules called
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keratohyalin
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what does the stratum lucidom consist of
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thin translucent zone with eleidin
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where is the stratum lucidum only present in
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thick skin
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what is the stratum corneum
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dead keratinocytes
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what does mitosis require
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oxygen and nutrients
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when is the mitosis slower
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old age
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when is mitosis faster
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injury
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where do keratinocytes undergo apoptosis
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stratum granulosum
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what does keratohyalin do in the stratum granulosum
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releases a substance that converts stuff into keratin
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what do the membrane coating vesicles release in stratum granulosum
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lipid that waterproofs the surface
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what is the dermis composed of
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collagen, elastic, reticular fibers, fibroblasts
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where are hair follicles and nail roots embedded
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dermis
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what is responsible for goosebumps
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pilla erector muscles
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what are the pilla erector muscles respinsible for
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stimuli
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what produce facial expressions
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skeletal muscles
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what are the upward waves between the dermis and epidermis called
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dermal papillae
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what are the downward waves inbetween the dermis and epidermis called
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epidermal ridges
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what are responsible for finger prints
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dermal papillae and epidermal ridges
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what are the 2 zones of the dermis
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papillary and reticular
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describe the papillary zone
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thin, loosely organized
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what is in the papillary layer
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small blood vessels leukocytes
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describe the reticular layer
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deep and thick
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what does the reticular layer consist of
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dense irregular c.t
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what layer is responsible for stretch marks
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reticular layer
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what is the purpose of the hypodermis
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it binds the skin to underlying tissue
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what is the hypodermis mad eup of
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areolar and adipose
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why would you want injections in hypodermis
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because hypo is highly vascularized and absorbs well
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what is a factor in skin color
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melanin
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what is melanin produced by
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melanocytes
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what are the two forms of melanin
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eumelanin and pheomelanin
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what color is eumelanin
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brown black
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describe the reticular layer
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deep and thick
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what does the reticular layer consist of
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dense irregular c.t
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what layer is responsible for stretch marks
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reticular layer
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what is the purpose of the hypodermis
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it binds the skin to underlying tissue
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what is the hypodermis mad eup of
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areolar and adipose
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why would you want injections in hypodermis
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because hypo is highly vascularized and absorbs well
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describe the reticular layer
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deep and thick
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what is a factor in skin color
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melanin
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what does the reticular layer consist of
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dense irregular c.t
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what is melanin produced by
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melanocytes
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what layer is responsible for stretch marks
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reticular layer
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what are the two forms of melanin
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eumelanin and pheomelanin
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what is the purpose of the hypodermis
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it binds the skin to underlying tissue
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what color is eumelanin
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brown black
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what is the hypodermis mad eup of
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areolar and adipose
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why would you want injections in hypodermis
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because hypo is highly vascularized and absorbs well
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what is a factor in skin color
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melanin
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what is melanin produced by
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melanocytes
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what are the two forms of melanin
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eumelanin and pheomelanin
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what color is eumelanin
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brown black
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what color is pheomelanin
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reddish yellow
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people with different skin colors have the same number of what
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melanocytes
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why if they have the same number of melanocytes is the skin darker
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they produce more melanin
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why do you tan
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UV stimulate melanin production synthesis
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hemoglobin does what to skin
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produces red pigmentation
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carotene is what
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yellow pigment
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what is cyanosis
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blue, deficient in oxygen
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erythema
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redness of skin increase blood flow
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what causes cyanosis
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blocked airways or cold
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what causes erythema
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exersize, emotions, and sunburn
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what is pallor
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pale color
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what causes pallor
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low blood flow, low BP, shock stress
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what is albinism
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genetic lack of melanin
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what is jaundice
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yellowing of skin when bilirubin isn't broken down by the liver
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what is a hematoma
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bruise or mass of clotted blood
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what are friction ridges responsible for
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finger prints
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what are the two things in friction ridges
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dermal papillae and epidermal ridges
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what are flexion lines
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creases where skin folds continuously
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what are freckles
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clusters of melanin
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