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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neurons are greatly outnumbered by __ cells, which perform various supportive and protective roles in the nervous system.
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Neuroglial or Glial
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The neurosoma of a neuron receives information from processes called __ and transmits signals to the next cell by way of a process called the __.
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Dendrites; Axon
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The axon hillock and initial segment of a neuron constitute its __, so named because this is where action potentials are first generated.
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Trigger zone
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Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to muscles and glands are called __ neurons.
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Motor (efferent)
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The myelin sheath is formed by __ in the CNS and by __ in the PNS.
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Oligodendrocites; Schwann
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The periodic gaps in a myelin sheath are called __.
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Nodes of Ranvier
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Neurotransmitters are released by the exocytosis of organelles called __.
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Synaptic Vesicles
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__ provide electrical insulation for neurosomas in ganglia of the PNS.
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Satellite cells
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Name any two catecholamines.
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Norepinephrin, epinephrine, dopamine
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Location of all nerosomas in the CNS
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Gray matter
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Form scar tissue in damaged brain tissue
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Astrocytes
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Bundles of axons wrapped in a connective tissue sheath
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Nerve
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Excitatory nerotransmitter in some brain regions
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Glutamic acid
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Clusters of nerosomas in the PNS
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Ganglia
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A neuropeptide
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Substance P
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T/F
Each node of Ranvier speeds up the transmission of a nerve signal. |
False
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T/F
All neurons have their neurosomas located in the CNS. |
False
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T/F
The visceral motor division of hte PNS includes the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. |
True
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T/F
People with parkinsonism cannot produce normal amounts of acetylcholine. |
False
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T/F
Thick nerve fibers conduct impulses faster then thin ones do. |
True
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T/F
Dendrites do not secrete neurotransmitters. |
True
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T/F
cAMP acts by opening Na+ gates in the plasma membrane. |
False
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The ions most permeable in neuron plasma membranes are:
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Potassium
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The central cavities of thee brain and spinal cord are lined by:
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Ependymal cells
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The effect of GABA on a postsynaptic neuron is:
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Hyperpolarization
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The monoamines include all of the following neurotransmitters except: GABA; norepinephrine; dopamine; serotonin; histamine
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GABA
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A second messenger system, such as cAMP, is activated in a(n):
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Excitatory adrenergic synapse
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Neuropeptides that act as analgesics are:
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Enkephalins
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In a neurosoma, there are numerous dark-staining areas, called Nissl bodies, that are:
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Rough E.R.
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Cells and organs that detect changes in the internal and external environment are called:
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Recepters
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Neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft must be eliminated, or the postsynaptic cell will continue to be stimulated. This can be achieved by:
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-diffusion of the NT away from the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
-enzymatic digestion of the NT in synaptic cleft. -absorption of the NT by the synaptic knob. |
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The neurotransmitter acetylcholine:
1) was the first neurotransmitter discovered. 2) is excitatory in heart muscle 3) is used at neuromuscular junctions in somatic motor neurons 4) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS |
1&3
1) was the first neurotransmitter discovered. 3) is used at neuromuscular junctions in somatic motor neurons |
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Term: Neuri-
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Nerve
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Term: Dendro-
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Branch
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Term: Sclero-
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Hard
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Term: Soma-
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Body
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Term: ef-
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Away from
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The brain belongs to what division of the nervous system?
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CNS
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A spinal nerve belongs to what division of the nervous system?
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PNS
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To what major division of the nervous system does the spinal cord belong?
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CNS
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What does CNS stand for?
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Central Nervous System
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What kind of cell performs the main function of the nervous system?
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Neuron
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The nucleus is found in what specific part of the neuron?
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Nerve Cell Body
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What is another name for an efferent neuron?
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Motor
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In which one of the nervous system divisions are neurolemmocytes found?
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PNS
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Myelin is made of what kind of material?
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White matter
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Two adjacent neurons that communicate with one another are separated by a space, this space is called?
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Synapse
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