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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Neurons are greatly outnumbered by __ cells, which perform various supportive and protective roles in the nervous system.
Neuroglial or Glial
The neurosoma of a neuron receives information from processes called __ and transmits signals to the next cell by way of a process called the __.
Dendrites; Axon
The axon hillock and initial segment of a neuron constitute its __, so named because this is where action potentials are first generated.
Trigger zone
Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to muscles and glands are called __ neurons.
Motor (efferent)
The myelin sheath is formed by __ in the CNS and by __ in the PNS.
Oligodendrocites; Schwann
The periodic gaps in a myelin sheath are called __.
Nodes of Ranvier
Neurotransmitters are released by the exocytosis of organelles called __.
Synaptic Vesicles
__ provide electrical insulation for neurosomas in ganglia of the PNS.
Satellite cells
Name any two catecholamines.
Norepinephrin, epinephrine, dopamine
Location of all nerosomas in the CNS
Gray matter
Form scar tissue in damaged brain tissue
Astrocytes
Bundles of axons wrapped in a connective tissue sheath
Nerve
Excitatory nerotransmitter in some brain regions
Glutamic acid
Clusters of nerosomas in the PNS
Ganglia
A neuropeptide
Substance P
T/F
Each node of Ranvier speeds up the transmission of a nerve signal.
False
T/F
All neurons have their neurosomas located in the CNS.
False
T/F
The visceral motor division of hte PNS includes the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.
True
T/F
People with parkinsonism cannot produce normal amounts of acetylcholine.
False
T/F
Thick nerve fibers conduct impulses faster then thin ones do.
True
T/F
Dendrites do not secrete neurotransmitters.
True
T/F
cAMP acts by opening Na+ gates in the plasma membrane.
False
The ions most permeable in neuron plasma membranes are:
Potassium
The central cavities of thee brain and spinal cord are lined by:
Ependymal cells
The effect of GABA on a postsynaptic neuron is:
Hyperpolarization
The monoamines include all of the following neurotransmitters except: GABA; norepinephrine; dopamine; serotonin; histamine
GABA
A second messenger system, such as cAMP, is activated in a(n):
Excitatory adrenergic synapse
Neuropeptides that act as analgesics are:
Enkephalins
In a neurosoma, there are numerous dark-staining areas, called Nissl bodies, that are:
Rough E.R.
Cells and organs that detect changes in the internal and external environment are called:
Recepters
Neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft must be eliminated, or the postsynaptic cell will continue to be stimulated. This can be achieved by:
-diffusion of the NT away from the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
-enzymatic digestion of the NT in synaptic cleft.
-absorption of the NT by the synaptic knob.
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine:
1) was the first neurotransmitter discovered.
2) is excitatory in heart muscle
3) is used at neuromuscular junctions in somatic motor neurons
4) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
1&3
1) was the first neurotransmitter discovered.
3) is used at neuromuscular junctions in somatic motor neurons
Term: Neuri-
Nerve
Term: Dendro-
Branch
Term: Sclero-
Hard
Term: Soma-
Body
Term: ef-
Away from
The brain belongs to what division of the nervous system?
CNS
A spinal nerve belongs to what division of the nervous system?
PNS
To what major division of the nervous system does the spinal cord belong?
CNS
What does CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System
What kind of cell performs the main function of the nervous system?
Neuron
The nucleus is found in what specific part of the neuron?
Nerve Cell Body
What is another name for an efferent neuron?
Motor
In which one of the nervous system divisions are neurolemmocytes found?
PNS
Myelin is made of what kind of material?
White matter
Two adjacent neurons that communicate with one another are separated by a space, this space is called?
Synapse