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48 Cards in this Set
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Pelagic animals |
The animals which live in the upper layers of the sea. |
Aquatic animals |
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Benthic animals Littoral animals Neritic animals Lentic animals Lotic animals |
Live in Bottom of the sea. Sea shore. Shallow sea water. Stagnant water body. Running water, streams etc. |
Where do these aquatic animals live? |
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Anadromous fishes Catadromous fishes |
Marine fishes that migrate from - Large water body(sea) to small water body(estuary) for spawning. Small water body(estuary) to large water body(sea) for spawning. |
Movement for spawning. |
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Euryhaline animals Stenohaline animals |
Animals having - Wide salinity tolerance. Narrow salinity tolerance. |
Salinity tolerance |
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Sternothermal animals Eurythermal animals |
Animals that can tolerate- Narrow range of temperature Wide range of temperature |
Temperature tolerance |
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Cursorial animals Fossorial animals Arboreal animals Scansorial animals Volant/aerial animals |
Fast runners. Live in burrows and holes under the ground. Live on trees. Climb walls and rocks, wall lizard, flying squirrel etc. They can fly. |
Types of terrestrial animals. |
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Gregarious animals Coprophagous animals Sanguivores Saprophagous animals Foliovorous |
Live in groups but do not help each other (locusts) Eat their faecal matter (rabbit) Feed on blood (leech, bed bug) Feed on fluid and semi fluid organic matter (housefly) Eat leaves (cattle) |
Habits of animals. |
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Monoecious animals. Dioecious animals. |
Male and female sex organs are found on the same individual (also called hermaphrodite/bisexual). Have either male or female sex organs. |
Presense of sex organs. |
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Protandrous animals Protogynous animals |
Animals in which - Male sex organ mature faster than female sex organ. Female sex organ mature faster than male sex organ. |
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Ovoviviparous animals |
Animals which give birth to young ones without fornation of placenta. Shark, viper. |
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Poikilothermal/ectothermic animals. Homothermal/endothermic animals. |
Animals whose- Body temperature is not constant and changes according to the surrounding environment. Body temperature stays constant regardless of change in surrounding environment. |
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Nocturnal animals Diurnal animals Crepuscular animals Vespertine animals Auroral animals |
Animals that are active during - Night time. Day time. Twilight. Evening/dusk. Dawn. |
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Frugivorous animals. Coprozoic animals. Saltatorial animals |
Feed on fruits. Feed on dung. Long hindlegs modified for jumping. |
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Pachyderms Neoteny Paedogenesis Parthenogenesis |
Thick skinned like elephants. Larva retains adult character and starts reproducing via sexual reproduction. Tiger salamander. Parthenogenesis in larvae. Development of egg/ovum without fertilization. |
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Level of organization in animals are - |
Protoplasmic/Acellular level in protozoans. Cellular level collection of primitive cells like in sponges. Tissue level having poorly defined tissues like in cnidarians. Organs system level cells are organised tissues and that into organs and those into organ system. Except sponges and coelentrates every animal has this level |
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Cell aggregate body plan in animals |
The body consists of a cluster of cells like in sponges. |
Body plans in animals |
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Blind sac body plan in animals |
Only one opening in the single body cavity which functions both for ingestion and egestion |
Type of body plan |
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Tube within a tube body plan. Also describe its types. |
Body cavity has two openings functioning separately for ingestion and egestion. 1) protostomic plan in which mouth of the digestive tract develops before the anus. 2) deuterostomic plan in which anus develops first and then the mouth of tract. |
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Spherical symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry |
1) when body can be divided into similar parts by any planes passing through the center. 2) when body can be divided into equal parts by any planes passing through the center. 3) when body can be divided into equal parts by only one plane through the body. |
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Diploblastic animals Triploblastic animals |
Embroyos having - Two germinal layers endoderm and ectoderm with undifferentiated mesoglea in between. Three germinal layers, endoderm mesoderm and ectoderm. |
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Describe types of segmentations in animal kingdom |
Metameric segmentation (true metamerism) found in Annelida , arthropoda and chordata. Pseudometamerism (false metamerism) all the organs are accumulated in the head instead of repeating in each segment. Tapeworm. |
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Cephalizatiin |
Concentration of sense organs, nervous tissue etc at the anterior end. |
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Types of eggs based on the quality of yolk |
Microlecithal eggs, small amount of yolk. Variation : Alecithal eggs, no yolk at all as in man. Mesolecithal eggs, moderate amount of yolk. Macrolecithal eggs, large amount of yolk. |
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Tyoes of eggs based on yolk distribution in the cytoplasm |
Homolecithal eggs, uniformly distributed Telolecithal eggs, yolk contracted in the vegetal half. Meiolecithal eggs, yolk occupies the entire ooplasm. Centrolecithal eggs, yolk is localised at the center. |
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Various colours of blood in animal kingdom. |
Blood may be colourless (insects) Bluish due to respiratory pigment haemocyanin (prawn,pila) Or red due to respiratory pigment haemoglobin (earthworm and human) |
Blood vascular system |
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Name excretory parts in- Flat worms Ascaris/roundworm Annelids Crustaceans Insects/arthropods Molluscs and vertebrates |
Flame cells H shaped renette cell Nephridia Antennary(green) glands Malphigian tubules Kidney |
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Dual excretion in Earthworms Lung fish and xenopus(african toad) Crocodiles Frog tadpoles |
Ammonia in sufficient water but urea in drier surrounding. Ammonotelic in water but ureotelic in moist air or mud. Ammonotelic in water ureotelic/uricotelic outside. Ammonia in water urea outside. |
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Who recognized sponges as animals ? Who gave the name porifera ? |
John ellis Robert grant |
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Two types of pores in porifera |
Inhalent pores called ostia and exhalent pores called oscula |
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Germ layers in sponges(porifera) |
Multicellular diploblastic |
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Describe body wall of common sponge |
1)Pinacoderm outer layer which consists of flattened pinacocytes and porocytes. 2) Choanoderm inner layer which consists of choanocytes and collar cells. 3) Mesohyl layer in between both the above layers |
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Cells contained in mesohyl layer of sponges |
Amoebocyte s which get modified into- 1) archaeocytes 2)trophocytes also called nurse cells 3)thesocytes 4)gland cells 5)collencytes 6)scleroblasts 7)calcoblasts 8)myocytes 9)germ cells 10)chromocytes 11)phagocytes |
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Types of canal systems found in sponges |
Asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid canal system |
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Spongocoel or paragastric cavity |
Central body cavity of a sponge |
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Reproduction in sponges |
Asexual: budding and gemmules Sponges are hermaphrodite. Reproduction occurs sexually as well. |
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Classification of porifera |
On basis of skeleton, 1) Calcarea 2)Hexactinellida 3)Demospongiae |
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Parazoology |
Study of sponges |
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Olynthus |
Hypothetical ancestors of existing sponges |
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Classification of porifera is based on |
Spicules (skeleton) |
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Which sponge cells are found in gemmules for asexual reproduction |
Archaeocytes |
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Ostium and osculum are surrounded by |
Myocytes |
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Sponges have evolved from |
Flagellates |
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Evolutionary sequence of canal system in sponges |
Ascon, sycon and leucon |
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Larva of sycon is |
Amphiblastula |
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The incurrent canals and spongocoel in sycon is lined by |
Pinacocytes |
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Sponhes were classified under plants until the discovery of |
Circulation of water through their body |
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Phenomenon of regeneration in sponges was observed and explained by |
H.W.Wilson |
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Metagenesis refers to |
Alternation of generation from asexual to sexual phases of an organism |
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