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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood Loss (Chronic) |
Microcytic (decrease MCV) Chronic usually r/t chronic GI bleed or normal menstrual bleeding. Treated with iron supplements. |
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Blood Loss (Acute) |
Microcytic (decreased MCV) Acute r/t trauma, surgery, GI, menstrual Acts like volume loss. May cause orthostatic hypotension, pallor Treated with fluid replacement |
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Iron Deficiency |
Microcytic (decrease MCV), decreased Iron, increased TIBC Caused by nutritional deficiency. Treated with iron supplements (IM/PO/IV)
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MCV - Mean corpuscular volume |
Increased MCV: Large red blood cell - Macrocytic
Decreased MCV: Small red blood cell - Microcytic
Normocytic |
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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) |
a measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells
MCHC is diminished ("hypochromic") in microcytic anemias, and normal ("normochromic") in macrocytic anemias |
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Reticulocyte |
People lose red blood cells, so bone marrow kicks in and attempts to replace red blood cells. These are immature red blood cells that wont be as effective at carrying oxygen.
A high reticulocyte count indicates recent onset of anemia. Most commonly caused by bleeding.
Also indicates that the bone marrow is working |
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Goals and Interventions for anemic patient |
Improve tissue oxygenation/perfusion - apply cannula and decreasing supply/demand imbalance (rest) - rest can lead to deconditioning
Minimize activity level
Minimize Fatigue
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Iron Deficiency Anemia -- Clinical Manifestations |
Fatigue/lethargy Inflammation and soreness of the tongue Pica (eating non nutritional sources) |
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Pernicious Anemia/ B12 Deficiency (Megaloblastic Anemias) |
Pernicious: Lack of intrinsic factor Deficiency: lack of B12 ingestion May be poor absorption (small bowel resection)
Treated with B12 supplements AE B12: |
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Pernicious Anemia/ B12 Deficiency -- Clinical Manifestations |
Peripheral Neuropathy (tingling fingers/foot drop) Lethargy / Fatigue Oral ulcers / Swelling tongues Damage to CNS (dementia) and damage to peripheral nervous system (neuropathy)
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Aplastic Anemia |
Decrease reticulocytes |
