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79 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Orientalizing Period |
- About 700-600 BC - Eastern influence came in - Early pieces came from Crete - In east the men were clothed, women were naked - Ivory was an eastern material, began to be used - Crete drops out |
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Archaic Period |
- 600-480 BC - Archaic smile - More realistic looking - No snail curls - Lips slightly pressed into face, chin and cheekbones respond to it - Pupils slightly bulging, thin eyelids - Musculature is more pronounced |
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Reasons for Archaic Style’s end |
- Style became “tired” (Kouros becoming more humanlike and foundry vases are created) - Greater confidence / command of subject |
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Severe Style / Early Classical Period |
- 480 - 450 |
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High Classical Period |
- 450 - 400 BC |
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What is marble? |
- It's like limestone but subjected to more heat and pressure - Transportation was expensive - It can be melted in a limekiln and used for stucco |
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Functions of Sculptures |
- Funerary - Honorary - Votive - Sculptures were religious until the Hellenistic Period (used as votive offerings) |
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Temple uses |
- Weren't made for worship - Statues made them sacred |
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Statue basics |
- Gods are larger than life - Gods have accessories / attributes - Humans had to be smaller than life size - 3-Time Olympians could be shown in action |
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What art form came first? |
- Vase painting - 10 years later: relief sculpture - Last: free-standing sculpture |
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Ethos |
- Inner character - Translated to the surface of a painting |
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-isms |
- Idealism - Naturalism - Realism |
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Idealism |
- Perfectly young and beautiful - Not necessarily realistic |
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Naturalism |
- Recognizable but not photographic - Ex. of naked Donald Trump Statue |
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Realism |
- As close to real as it can be / look |
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How to identify pieces |
- Inscriptions - Attributes - Iconography |
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Kouros |
- Left leg always forward - Arms usually down at sides and holding a "rod" - Naturalistic (never realistic) - Always nude - Very stylized bodies and hair |
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Myron |
- He was one of the 3 greatest sculptors during the Early Classical Period - His sculptures created "rythmas" (movement) |
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Polykleitos |
- Known for the perfect male nude athlete - One of the 3 greatest sculptors during the Early Classical Period |
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Pheidias |
- One of the 3 greatest sculptors during the Early Classical Period |
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- Chiton - Buttoned along the top except for hole forhead - Cinched around the waist |
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- Peplos - Folded over on top, held together on the side - Cinched around the waist |
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- Architectural sculpture - Archaic - Triangular shaped structures - Land = rock = problem - Buildings can be dated by coins / pottery that fall into the foundations |
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- 760 - 750 BC (Geometric) - Geometric articles - One was buried in a grave - a gift |
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Front (Term)
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- Dipylon ivory - 730 BC |
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Front (Term)
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- Mantiklos' Apollo - 700-675 BC - Inscription: Gives it as offering to Apollo, asks for something in return |
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- Nikandre ("Victory over man") - 650 BC (Daedalic) - Important inscription on skirt - Naxion marble - Votive offering - Over life size = goddess - Held attributes |
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- Misenion / Triglyph medope - 620 BC (Daedalic) - Woman in the window motif - Normally cape would be hiding face but it's put down so face can be shown in art |
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- Sounion Kouros - 600-580 BC (Archaic) - Not Daedalic, hair behind shoulders - Votive offering - Would have had a 3-tier base - Lost inscription |
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- Kleobis and Biton - 580 BC - Dedicated to Apollo at Delphi for their good deed in life |
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- Volomandra Kouros - 570 BC (Archaic) - Names after place it was found - Looks more naturalistic - Archaic smile |
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- Calf-bearer or Moskophoros - 560 BC - Votive |
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- About 550 BC - Would've been on a treasury / iconic building - Heracles in the center - Hydra = swamp / water monster with 100 heads - To defeat her: Heracles hits heads off with a club and his friend cauterizes them so they can't grow back |
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- The pediment of the Apotheosis - About 550 BC - Seated deity in the center: Zeus - Heracles wearing lion skin hat |
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Front (Term)
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- Amassis Painter or Vase of Maenads and Dionysus - 550 BC - Attempts to show two people with arms around each other like Dermys and Kitylos |
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Front (Term)
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- Melos Kouros - 550 BC
- Naxion marble - 7 feet tall - Funerary - Slender body, archaic smile, snail curls |
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Front (Term)
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- Diskophoros stele - 550 BC - Name means disk carrier - Archaic smile, frontal eye - Part of a larger gravestone - Used as a filler for the Themistoclean (?) wall |
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- Archermos' Nike - About 550 BC - From Delos - Knielauf: running with a bended knee - Crown of bronze - Traces of wings, could also be Artemis but Artemis typically isn't winged and running at the same time |
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- Phrasikleia and her brother - Haven't been officially dated but after 550 BC based on knees/torso - Different sculptors but found buried together - Buried to protect them from the Persians - Funerary - Phrasikleia's base already in the museum before they were found - She is dressed elaborately as if for a wedding, married to Hades |
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- Lyon Kore - 550-540 BC (AM date) - Upper part is a cast, original is in the Louvre - She isn't a karyatid - Butt is very masculine, breasts are an odd size and shape - Holding a bird offering and wearing a cap with palmettes |
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- NM Grave Stele - 550 - 540 BC - Very Archaic - Big eye - Slight smile - Ringlet hair |
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- Brother from Brother and Sister pair - Around 540 BC - Archaic smile - Round curls framing face - Flat forehead |
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- Sister from Brother and Sister pair - Phrasikleia - Around 540 BC
- Dressed up as if for a wedding (dress was painted with details) - Wore a crown of closed lotus blossoms (symbol of death?)
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- Oversize statue of Dionysus - 540 - 530 BC - Argued that pieces don't go together - Back of head is flat which points to as mask |
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- Hoplite Runner Stele - 500 BC (NM), 540-530 BC (Anne) |
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- Kroisos (after eastern king of Lidias) or Anavissos Kouros (after where he was found) - 530 BC (Archaic) - Attic trait: big / bulky butts and small waist - Excavated illegally and broken - More natural belly button - No poles in hands - Wearing a cap for unknown reason - Unmarried when he died because shown as a young kouros - Funerary: inscription tells you to stop and mourn at soldier's tomb and that he died in battle |
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- Peplos Kore - 530 BC (Archaic) - Wearing a chiton underneath, a wreath and earrings - Archaic: protruding chin, bulging eyes, smile, high cheekbones - Line of animals painted down skirt |
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- Kore 682, students call her the cat-eye Kore - 530 BC (AM date) - Has a bronze piece in her head that would have been used to hold mniskos/umbrella |
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- Aristocles' Aristion - 530 BC - Grave stele - Wearing breast plate, chiton, shin guards, and abbreviated helmet - Bare feet = subtle way to heronize |
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Front (Term)
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- Antenor Kore - 530-520 BC - Sculpted by Antenor who was patronized by the Alkmaionids |
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Front (Term)
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- Seated Athena - 520-510 BC - Found on north side of the Acropolis, survived Persian burning - Wearing an aegis and chiton - May have been made by Endoios |
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- Chiote Kore - 510 (AM) or even closer to 525-520 BC (Anne) - Archaic - Beautiful hair, bulging eyes, thin eyelids - Similar to the Nike in the NM, father probably carved Nike and son carved Kore |
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- Ballplayers base - 510 BC (Archaic) - In low relief carved into the back of a stele - Trying to work out movement - Attempting to foreshorten - Sculptors practiced on reliefs |
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- Dismantled pediments - Dismantled around 510 BC (Archaic) - Pieces are still being found - Lots of paint left - lasts longer on limestone than on marble - Dismantled during transition from tyranny to democracy |
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- Aristodikos - 510 BC (Late Archaic) - Transitioning into Early Classical style - Funerary - Short hair, sumptuary laws made everyone equal under the law and long hair was a sign of wealth - Arms are moved out and have struts for support - Wearing penis ring for unknown reason |
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Front (Term)
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- La Delicata or Kore with "Almond-Shaped Eyes" - 510 or even closer to 500 BC - Softer face, more feminine - Drapery is less elaborate - Not smiling, recessed eyes, thicker eyelids - Still Archaic though |
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- Kore 594 - 500 BC - Classic example of how most korai wear their chiton and himation - Butt and legs are still fairly masculine but would have been up against a wall |
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Front (Term)
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- Nike atop a column - 490 BC - Dedicated for someone's son who died - Less extreme knielauf - Experienced sculptor, drapery broke on the bias which matches the sculpted line instead of being horizontal |
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- Dermes and Kitylos - Hard to date but Daedalic, late 6th or early 5th century - Artist didn't know how to carve arms around the shoulders - Not kouroi |
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- Kerameikos-Dibpalon cemetery - Used for fill in Themistoclean wall in 480 BC - Front chopped off to be hidden in the ground from the Persians - Medusa in knielauf position (bend in knee / running) - Sphinx on top |
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- Kritios boy - 480 BC - Right leg coming forward, hips respond - Hair is long but wrapped around head |
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- Euthydikos Kore - 480 BC - Euthydikos dedicated it - Mouth is a pout, heavy jaw, becoming more simplified as Classical period draws nearer - Legs don't seem to match torso |
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- Angelitos Athena - 480 BC - Chitón drops out of Athena's iconography in 480 and later sculptures show her wearing a peplos with a blouse underneath |
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Front (Term)
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- Blond boy - 480 BC |
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Front (Term)
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- Riacci A - 470 BC - Found on the ocean floor, but not part of a shipwreck |
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- Melos Disc - 470 - 460 BC - Purpose unknown: only circular piece until the roman period - Eye moving from frontal to profile - Votive offering - Could be Aphrodite |
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Front (Term) |
- Pensive or Mourning Athena - 470-460 BC - Severe style - Hair and drapery painted, helmet tipped back, wearing a peplos |
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Front (Term) |
- West pediment of the temple of Temple of Zeus at Olympia - 470-457 BC - Dynamic figures, centaurs kidnapping women |
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- Unfinished crater, Roman copy - 460 - 450 BC - Original ould've been done by Myron - This shows first stage of a myth that is continued on two other pieces |
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- Zeus, not Posiden (because trident doesn't fit the scenario/his hand and lightnight bolt does) - 450 BC - On edge of Severe Style and High Classical - Arms out in bronze like marble couldn't do until much later - Inlaid eyes, silver eyelashes - Arms are long |
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- Diskobolos by Myron - 450 – 440 - Myron’s favorite piece - Originally made in bronze - Body makes eye move around the piece |
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- All have attributes (bird, water, grain / torch) - Beards look like they're from the east - One set of wings for all three of them - Bird represents the people of the mountains |
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- Another pediment - Missing other lion and bull - A lot of reconstruction - Gender? Has a mane and teets |
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- Omphalos (?) - Very good Roman copy (no need for stability behind leg) - Omphalos means belly button and its a type of stone: refers to myth of Kronos eating children until he's tricked into eating a stone - Every man strove to have a "perfect" body like Apollo, so they sculpted them too |
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Front (Term) |
- Leukandi centaur - 900-850 BC - Centaurs originally depicted with human front legs - Single gash in front leg to indicate it is Cheiron (the good centaur) |
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Front (Term) |
- Auxerre Kore - 640 BC - Proportions make her look taller, only .65 m tall |
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Front (Term) |
- Egyptian statue - 2800 BC - Sculpted on a grid |
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Front (Term) |
- Heracles and Netos - 650-640 BC |
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Front (Term) |
- New York Kouros - 600-580 BC - Only known Kouros sculpted on Egyptian grid - From the same workshop as the Sounion Kouros |
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