Anatomy Test 1

Front 1

What body landmark describes the cheek?

Back 1

Buccal

Front 2

What body landmark describes the fingers?

Back 2

Digital

Front 3

What body landmark describes the shoulder blade region?

Back 3

Scapular

Front 4

What body region describes the anterior aspect of the knee?

Back 4

Patellar

Front 5

What body aspect describes the heel of the foot?

Back 5

Calcaneal

Front 6

What body landmark describes the head?

Back 6

Cephalic

Front 7

Which body areas are appendicular?

Back 7

Antecubital, Brachial, Crural, Femoral, Fibular, Popliteal, and Sural

Front 8

Which body areas are axial?

Back 8

Abdominal, Cervical, Gluteal, Lumbar, Occipital, Oral, Pubic, Thoracic, and Umbilical

Front 9

What is the plasma membrane and what is its function?

Back 9

A fluid-mosaic lipid bilayer (phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids) studded with proteins surrounds cytoplasm.

Function: protects cellular content; makes contact with other cells; contains channnels, transporters, receptors, enzymes, cell0identity markers, and linker proteins; mediates the entry and exit of substances.

Front 10

What is the cytoplasm and what is its function?

Back 10

Cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus-cytosol and organelles.

Function: Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in the nucleus.

Front 11

What is cytosol and what is the function?

Back 11

Contains cytoskeleton, a network of three types of protein filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments , and microtubules.

Function: Fluid in which many of cell's metabolic reactions occur. Cytoskeleton maintains shape and general organization of cellular contents; responsible for cellular movements.

Front 12

What is an organelle and what is its function?

Back 12

Specialized structures with characteristic shapes.

Function: Each organelle has specific functions.

Front 13

What is a centrosome and what is its function?

Back 13

A pair of centrioles plus pericentriolar material.

Function: The pericentriolar material contains tubulins, which are used for growth of the mitotic spindle and microotubule formation.

Front 14

What is cilia and flagella and what is its function?

Back 14

Motile cell surface projections that contain 20 microtubules and a basal body.

Function: Cillia moves fluids over a cell's surface; flagella move an entire cell.

Front 15

What is a ribosome and what is its function?

Back 15

Composed of two subunits containing ribosomal RNA and proteins; may be free in cytosol or attached to rough ER.

Function: Protein synthesis.

Front 16

What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and what is its function?

Back 16

Membranous network of flattenedsacs or tubules. Rough ERis covered by ribosomes and is attached to the nuclear envelope; smooth ER lacks ribosomes.

Function: Rough ER synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids that are transferred to cellular organelles, inserted into the plasma membrane, or secreted during exocytosis. smooth er synthesizes fatty acids and steroids; inactivates or detoxifies drugs; removes the phosphate group from glucose-6-phosphate; and stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells.

Front 17

What is the Golgi Complex and what is its function?

Back 17

Consists of 3-20 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae; structurally and functionally divided into entry face, medial cisternae and exit face.

Function: Entry face accepts proteins from rough ER; medial cisternae form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins; exitfade modifies the molecules further, then sorts and packages them for transport to their destinations.

Front 18

What is a lysosome and what is its function?

Back 18

Vesicle formed from Golgi complex; contains digestive enzymes.

Function: Fuses with and digets contents of endosomes, phagosomes, and vesicles formed during bulk-phase endocytosis and transports final products of digestion into cytosol; digests worn-out organelles, entire cells, and extracellular materials.

Front 19

What is a peroxisome and what is the function/

Back 19

Vesicle containing oxidases and catalase; new peroxisomes bud from preexisting ones.

Function: Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids; detoxifies harmful substances such as hydrogen peroxide and associated free radicals.

Front 20

What is a proteasome and what is the function?

Back 20

Tiny barrel-shaped structure that contains proteases.

Function: degrades unneded, damaged, or faulty proteins by cutting them into small peptides.

Front 21

What is the Mitochondrion and what is its function?

Back 21

consists of an outer and an inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae, and matrix; new mitochondria form from preexisting ones.

Function; Site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that produce most of a cell's ATP and play an important early role in apoptosis.

Front 22

Which body system rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes?

Back 22

Urinary

Front 23

What are the 11 systems of the human body?

Back 23

Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Nervous, Endocrine, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive, Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular.

Front 24

Name 2 systems: What are their components and what are their functions?

Back 24

SKELETAL SYSTEM:

Components: Bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages.

Functions: Supports and protects the body; provides surface area for muscles to attatch; aidy body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM:

Components: Refers to skeletal muscle tissue; muscle usually attatched to bone (other muscle tissues include smooth and cardiac)

Function: Participates in bringing about body movements, such as walking, maintains posture, and produces heat.

Front 25

Which body system is affected by removal of the thryoid gland?

Back 25

Endocrine

Front 26

Which body system provides support and levers on which the muscular system acts?

Back 26

Skeletal

Front 27

Which system includes the heart?

Back 27

Cardiovascular

Front 28

Which system protects the body; destroys bacteria and tumor cells?

Back 28

lymphatic/immune

Front 29

Which system breaks down ingested food into its building blocks?

Back 29

Digestive

Front 30

Which system removes carbon dioxide from the blood?

Back 30

Respiratory

Front 31

Which system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues?

Back 31

Cardiovascular

Front 32

Which system moves the limbs; facilitates facial expressions?

Back 32

Muscular

Front 33

Which system conserves body water or eliminates excesses?

Back 33

Urinary

Front 34

Which systems facilitate conception and childbirth?

Back 34

Endocrine and reproductive systems

Front 35

Which system controls the body by means of chemical molecules called hormones?

Back 35

Endocrine

Front 36

Which system is damaged when you cut your finger or get a severe sunburn?

Back 36

integumentary

Front 37

What system are the thymus, spleen, and lymphatic vessels a part of?

Back 37

Lymphatic/immune

Front 38

What system are bones, cartilages, and tendons a part of?

Back 38

Skeletal

Front 39

What system is the pancreas, pituitary, and adrenal glands in?

Back 39

Endocrine

Front 40

Which system is the epidermis, dermis, cutaneous sense organs a part of?

Back 40

Integumentary

Front 41

What system is the testis, ductus deferens, urethra a part of?

Back 41

Reproductive

Front 42

What system is the esophagus, large intestine, and rectum a part of?

Back 42

Digestive

Front 43

What system is the muscles of the thigh and the postular muscles a part of?

Back 43

Muscular

Front 44

What body cavity is the stomach in?

Back 44

Abdominopelvic

Front 45

What body cavity is the esophagus in?

Back 45

Thoracic

Front 46

What body cavity is the liver in?

Back 46

Abdominopelvic

Front 47

What body cavity is the spinal cord in?

Back 47

Spinal

Front 48

What body cavity is the urinary bladder a part of?

Back 48

Abdominopelvic

Front 49

What body cavity is the heart a part of?

Back 49

Thoracic

Front 50

What body cavity is the trachea a part of?

Back 50

Thoracic

Front 51

What body cavity is the rectum a part of?

Back 51

Abdominopelvic

Front 52

What organs are in the hypogastric region?

Back 52

Large intestine, urinary bladder, and rectum

Front 53

What organ is in the right lumbar region?

Back 53

Large intestine

Front 54

What organ is in the umbilical region?

Back 54

Large intestine

Front 55

What organs are in the epigastric region?

Back 55

Stomach, large intestines, and liver

Front 56

What organs are in the left hypochondriac region?

Back 56

Stomach and large intestines

Front 57

What are the levels of organization of a living body?

Back 57

*Chemicals

*Cells

*Tissue

*Organ

*Organ System

*Organisms

Front 58

What is an organ?

Back 58

A body part (or structure) that is made up of two or more tissue types and performs a specific body function.

Front 59

Why is it helpful to study the external and internal structures of the rat?

Back 59

Many of the external and internal structures are similar to those in the human. Studying the rat can help you to understand your own structure.

Front 60

What is the name of the muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity?

Back 60

Diaphragm

Front 61

What are the bony landmarks of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 61

Dorsally, the vertebral column; laterally and anteriorly, the pelvis

Front 62

Which body cavity affords the least protection to its internal structures?

Back 62

Abdominal

Front 63

What is the function of the serious membranes of the body?

Back 63

The serous membranes produce a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as organs slide across one another or against the cavity walls during their functioning.

Front 64

A nurse informs you that she is about to take blood from the antecubital region. What portion of you body should you present her?

Back 64

The arm; the anterior surface of the elbow joint.

Front 65

What cavity holds the eyes in an anterior-facing position?

Back 65

Orbital cavity

Front 66

What body cavity houses three tiny bones involved in hearing?

Back 66

Middle ear cavity

Front 67

What body cavity is contained within the nose?

Back 67

Nasal cavity

Front 68

What body cavity contains the tongue?

Back 68

Oral Cavity

Front 69

What body cavity surrounds a joint?

Back 69

Synovial cavity

Front 70

What body cavity is contained within the skull and vertebral columns?

Back 70

Dorsal body cavity

Front 71

What body cavity houses female reproductive organs?

Back 71

Pelvic cavity

Front 72

What is the most protective body cavity?

Back 72

Dorsal body cavity (cranial or spinal cavity)

Front 73

What body cavity's name means "belly"

Back 73

Ventral body cavity

Front 74

What body cavity contains the heart?

Back 74

Thoracic

Front 75

Which body cavity contains the small intestine?

Back 75

Abdominopelvic or Abdominal

Front 76

Which body cavity is bounded by the ribs?

Back 76

Thoracic

Front 77

Which body cavity's walls are muscular?

Back 77

Abdominal

Front 78

What body cavity would have to be opened to do surgery to remove a cancerous lung lobe?

Back 78

Toracic and Ventral

Front 79

What body cavity would have to be opened to remove the uterus or womb?

Back 79

Abdominopelvic and ventral

Front 80

What body cavity would have to be opened to remove a brain tumor?

Back 80

Cranial and Dorsal

Front 81

What body cavity would have to be opened to do a appendectomy?

Back 81

Abdominopelvic and ventral

Front 82

What body cavity would have to be opened to do a stomach ulcer operation?

Back 82

Abdominopelvic and ventral

Front 83

What body cavity would have to be opened to deliver of preoperative "saddle" anesthesia?

Back 83

Spinal and dorsal

Front 84

In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the ________ body surface?

Back 84

Anterior

Front 85

The buttocks and shoulder plades are on the ________ body surface?

Back 85

Posterior

Front 86

The top of the head is the most __________ part of the body.

Back 86

Superior

Front 87

The ears are _________ and ____________ to the shoulders and ______________ to the nose.

Back 87

Medial & Superior

Lateral

Front 88

The heart is ________ to the vertebral column and ____________ to the lungs.

Back 88

Anterior

Medial

Front 89

The elbow is _________ to the fingers but _______________ to the shoulders.

Back 89

Proximal; Distal

Front 90

The abdominopelvice cavity is ______________ to the thoracic cavity and ___________ to the spinal cavity.

Back 90

Inferior; Anterior

Front 91

In humans, the dorsal surface can also be called the __________ surface, however, in quadruped animals, the dorsal surface is the ____________ surface.

Back 91

Posterior; Superior

Front 92

If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a ______________ section; but if the heart is cut so that superior and inferior portions result, the section is a _________ section.

Back 92

Sagittal; Transverse

Front 93

You are told to cut a dissection animal along two planes so that both kidneys are observable in each section. The two sections that will always meet this requirement are the __________ and __________ sections.

Back 93

Frontal and transverse

Front 94

A section that demonstrates the cintinuity between the spinal and cranial cavities is a ____________ section.

Back 94

Sagittal

Front 95

What body area is A?

Back 95

Abdominal

Front 96

What body area is B?

Back 96

Antecubital

Front 97

What body area is C?

Back 97

Brachial

Front 98

What body area is D?

Back 98

Cervical

Front 99

What body area is E?

Back 99

Crural

Front 100

What body area is F?

Back 100

Femoral

Front 101

What body area is G?

Back 101

Fibular

Front 102

What body area is H?

Back 102

Gluteal

Front 103

What body area is I?

Back 103

Lumbar

Front 104

What body area is J?

Back 104

Occipital

Front 105

What body area is K?

Back 105

Oral

Front 106

What body area is L?

Back 106

Popliteal

Front 107

What body area is M?

Back 107

Pubic

Front 108

What body area is N?

Back 108

Sural

Front 109

What body area is O?

Back 109

Thoracic

Front 110

What body plane is this?

Back 110

Frontal Plane

Front 111

What body plane is this?

Back 111

Transverse plane

Front 112

What body plane is this?

Back 112

Median midsaggital plane

Front 113

What region is A?

Back 113

Epigastric region

Front 114

What region is b?

Back 114

Right hypochondriac region

Front 115

What region is c?

Back 115

Left hypochondriac region

Front 116

What region is d?

Back 116

Umbilical region

Front 117

What region is E?

Back 117

Right lumbar region

Front 118

What region is F?

Back 118

Left lumbar region

Front 119

What region is g?

Back 119

Hypogastric region

Front 120

What region is h?

Back 120

Right iliac region

Front 121

What region is i?

Back 121

Left iliac region

Front 122

What is A?

Back 122

Brain

Front 123

What is B?

Back 123

Sensory Receptor

Front 124

What is C?

Back 124

Spinal Cord

Front 125

What is D?

Back 125

Nerves

Front 126

What system is this?

Back 126

Nervous System

Front 127

What is A?

Back 127

Heart

Front 128

What is B?

Back 128

Blood vessels

Front 129

What system is this?

Back 129

Cardiovascular System

Front 130

What is A?

Back 130

Kidneys

Front 131

What is B?

Back 131

Ureters

Front 132

What is C?

Back 132

Bladder

Front 133

kWhat is D?

Back 133

Urethra

Front 134

What is an atom?

Back 134

The smalles units of matter that participate in chemical reactions.

Front 135

What is a molecule?

Back 135

Two or more atoms joined together.

Front 136

What atoms are essential for life?

Back 136

C, H, O, N, P, and Ca.

Front 137

What are some examples of connections between structure and function in the human body?

Back 137

Tight connections between the bones of the skull which protect the brain and fingers of the hand are more Loosely jointed to provide movement such as playing an instrument grasping a baseball bat or reaching a small object from the floor, the shape of the external ear assist in the connection and localization of sound waves which facilitates hearing

Front 138

Which body systems help eliminate wastes?

Back 138

The integumentary system, the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, and the urinary system

Front 139

What is the anatomical position and why is it used?

Back 139

In anatomy the anatomical position is a standard position of reference for the description of anatomical structures. In the anatomical position, the subject stands erect facing the Observer, with the head level and the eyes facing directly forward. The lower limbs are parallel and the feet flat on the floor and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the sides with the Palms facing forward. With the body in the anatomical position, it is easier to visualize and understand its organization into various regions and describe relationships of various structures.

Front 140

Which of the planes that divide the body are vertical?

Back 140

The frontal plane, parasagittal plane , midsagittal plane and sagittal plane

Front 141

Which directional terms can be used to specify the relationship between(1) the elbow and the shoulder, (2)the left and right shoulders, (3)the sternum and the humerus and(4) the heart and the diaphragm

Back 141

The elbow is inferior to the shoulder , the right and left shoulder are contralateral to each other, the humerus is lateral to the sternum, the heart is superior to the diaphragm

Front 142

What is a cell?

Back 142

Structures composed of chemicals and are the basic structureal and functional units of an organism.

Front 143

Describe the contents of the mediastinum

Back 143

The mediastinum is an anatomical region that is between the lungs and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm. It contains the heart and the vertebral column and the thymus, as well as the pericardial cavity

Front 144

What type of movements can occur in the human body?

Back 144

* Motion of the whole body

* Individual organs

* Single cells

* Structures inside cells

Front 145

Classify each of the following as a sign or symptom: high blood pressure, fever, headache, rapid pulse.

Back 145

High blood pressure is a symptom , fever is a sign , headache is a symptom, rapid pulse is a sign

Front 146

What is the difference between a plane and a section?

Back 146

Planes are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body. A section is a cut of the body ore one of its organs made along one of the planes.

Front 147

What kind of Medical Imaging technique that reveals the physiology of a structure?

Back 147

MRI

Front 148

After stopping at the scale, and your roommate complains that she gained 453.6 grams since the beginning of the semester. How much weight did she gain in pounds?

Back 148

1 pound

Front 149

What structures separate the various body cavities from one another?

Back 149

* Diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from abdominopelvice cavity.

* No walls separate abdominal and pelvic cavities.

* Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity are continuous

Front 150

Which forms of medical imaging would be used to show a blockage in an artery of the heart?

Back 150

Angiogram or CCTA

Front 151

Which medical imaging technique would you use to determine whether a bone was broken?

Back 151

X-ray

Front 152

Eight-year-old Taylor was going for the record for the longest upside-down hang from the monkey bars. She didn't make it and she may have done extensive damage to her entire upper limb. The emergency room technicial would like an x-ray of her arm in the anatomical position. Use the proper anatomical terms to describe the position of Taylor's arm, forearm and hand in the x-ray.

Back 152

Anterior x-ray of the brachial, antebrachial, and manual body regions.

Front 153

Your anatomy professor displays an MRI scan that shows a parasagittal section of the torso taken through the midpoint of the left mammary gland. Name 5 organs you would expect to see in this image.

Back 153

Colon, Large intestines, Stomach, Liver, and spleen.

Front 154

Describe the general features of the three main parts of a cell.

Back 154

* Plasma membrane: Cell's flexible outer surface. Seperates internal environment for the cell's external environment.

* Cytoplasm: All of the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Made up of cytosol (fluid portion) and organelles.

* Nucleus: Large organelle that has most of the cell's DNA. Chromosomes hold thousands of genes.

Front 155

Distinguish integral proteins from peripheral proteins.

Back 155

Integral proteins extend into or throught he lipid bilayer and are firmly embedded in it.

Peripheral proteins are not as firmly embedded in the membrane and are attached to membrane lipids or integral proteins at inner or outer surface.