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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of cartilage |
Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage |
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Hyaline cartilage |
Most abundant Provides support, flexibility, and resilience |
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Elastic cartilage |
Contains elastic fibers Found in ear and epiglottis |
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Fibrocartilage |
Thick collagen fibers Has great tensile strength Found in knee and vertebral discs |
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What is the axial skeleton? |
Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage |
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What is the appendicular skeleton? |
Bones of upper and lower limbs Girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton |
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How are long bones classified? |
Longer than they are wide |
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How are short bones classified? |
Cube-shaped Found in the wrist and ankle Vary in size and number in different individuals |
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How are flat bones classified? |
Thin, flat, and slightly curved They are found in the sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most skull bones |
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How are irregular bones classified? |
Complicated shapes They are found in vertebrae and hip bones |
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What is compact bone? |
Dense outer layer on every bone |
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What is spongy bone? |
Small, needle-like or flat pieces of bone called traeculae |
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What are the open spaces between trabeculae filled with? |
Red or yellow bone marrow |
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What does periosteum and endosteum mean? |
Periosteum means outside Endosteum means inside |
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What does hyaline cartilage cover? |
It covers area of bone that is part of a movable joint |
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What is the shaft and bone ends called in long bones? |
The shaft is diaphysis The bone ends is epiphyses |
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Where is red marrow found? |
Red marrow is found inside spongy bone and flat bones In adults, heads of femur and humerus In infants, it is in all spongy bone |
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What are the five cells of bone tissue? |
Osteogenic cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Bone-lining cells Osteoclasts |
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What do osteogenic cells do? |
They reproduce a lot They make more cells |
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What do osteoblasts do? |
Secrete bone matrix |
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How much percent does collagen make up of bone? |
It makes up 90% |
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What are osteocytes? |
Mature cells in the lacunae (the canal) that no longer divide |
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What are bone-lining cells? And what is its different names? |
Help maintain matrix On external bone surfaces it is called periosteal cells On internal surfaces it is called endosteal cells |
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What are osteoclasts? |
Breakdown bone |
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What does compact bone consist of and what is another name for it? |
Called lamellar bone Consists of Haversian System |
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What does the Haversian system do? What does it consist of? |
Is the structural unit or compact bone Consists of an elongated cylinder that runs parallel to long axis of bone Consists of several rings of bone matrix called lamellea |
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What does the lamellea do? |
Withstands stress |
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Where does the Haversian canal run through? |
The core of osteon |
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Where does the Volkmann canal run through? |
At right angles to central canal |
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What does lacunea contain? |
Osteocytes |
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What does canaliculi look like? |
Hairlike canals |
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What does spongy bone do? |
Resist any stress |
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What is ossification? |
Process of bone tissue formation |
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What is endochondral ossification? |
Bone replaces cartilage |
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What is intramembranous ossification? |
Bone develops from fibrous membrane |
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What does intramembranous ossification form? |
Forms frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and clavicle bones |
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What is nondisplaced? |
Ends retain normal position |
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What is displaced? |
Ends are out of normal alignment |
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What is complete? |
Broken all the way through |
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What is incomplete? |
Not broken all the way through |
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What is open? |
Skin is penetrated |
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What is closed? |
Skin is not penetrated |
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What are three major bone diseases? |
Osteomalacia and rickets Osteoporosis Paget's disease |
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What is on the axial skeleton? |
Skull Vertebral column Thoracic cage |
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What is the functions of the axial skeleton? |
Form longitudinal axis of body Support head, neck, and trunk Protect brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs |
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How many openings does the skull have? |
It has 85 |
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What is the large hole through which the brain connects to the spinal cord? |
Foramen magnum |
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What are the lacrimal fossa? |
Allows passageway for tears to drain |
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What do the sinuses do? |
They warm and humidify air |
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What is the atlas |
On top and makes movement for yes |
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What is the axis |
On the top and provides movement for no |
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What are the true ribs |
1-7 |
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What are the false ribs? Which are the floating? |
8-12 11 and 12 |
