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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Larynx
a) What? b) Shape: c) Openings: d) Function: e) Fixation |
a) Unpaired hollow cartilaginous organ that extend from inferior laryngeal part of pharynx to trachea
b) Sandglass shape c) Opens ventrally from laryngeal part of pharynx d) Conducting airway for respiration and phonation for speech e) Fixed by hyoid bone and base of cranium |
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Laryngeal cartilages:
a) Unpaired b) Paired |
a) - Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage - Epiglottic cartilage b) - Arytenoid cartilage - Cartilago corniculata (Santorini) - Cartilagio cuniformis (Wrisbergi) - Cartilagio triticea - Cartilagio sesamoida (in vocal ligamend, plica interarytenoidea) |
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Thyroid cartilage: (8)
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1. Lamina dextra+ sinistra (four sided hyaline cartilage
2. Prominetia laryngis (Adams apple) 3. Incisura (notch) superius+ inferius 4. Cornu (horn) superius+ inferius (projecting inferiorly) 5. Linea obliqua: (a ridge on each lamina dividing into anterior and posterior facet. Anterior facet= o. thyrohyoid, posterior facet= i. sternohyoid, inferior constrictor m. of pharynx 6. Facies articularis cricoidea (on cornu inferius) 7. Tuberculum thyroideum superius+ infernus 8. Foramen thyriodeum |
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Cricoid (cartilagio cricoidea) (4):
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1. Arcus (the anterior "half of the ring")
2. Lamina (posterior part) 3. Facies articularis thyroidea (bilateral articulation spot for the inferior horn of thyroid cartilage, at the junction of the lamina and arcus) 4. Facies articularis arytenoidea (bilateral articulation place for arytenoid cartilages) |
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Cartilagio epiglottica (4):
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1. Petiolus (leave like structure)
2. Tuberculum 3. Elastic cartilage (stalk which attaches to the inner surface of thyroid cartilage) +: Anterior surface: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Posterior surface: Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar epithelium) |
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Cartilagio arytenoidea: (5)
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1. Basis (facies articularis for cartilago cricoidea)
2. Apex (m. transversus obliquus) 3. Processus muscularis ( m. cricoarytenoideus lat. + arytenoideus transversus+ obliquus) 4. Processus vocalis (lig. vocale, m. vocalis) 5. Facies medialis, posterior, anterolateralis, - Cranially: Fovea triangularis (gland bases) - Colliculus, crista arcuata - Caudally: fovea oblonga (m. thyroarytenoideus) |
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Cartilago corniculata, cuneiformis:
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Above apex cartilaginis arytenoidea
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Laryngeal joints: (2)
- Type of joint - Ligament - Articulation places |
1. Articulation cricoarytenoidea:
- Elipsoid - Lig. cricoarytenoideum - Facies articularis arytenoidea of cricoid+ Basis, facies articularis for cartilagio cricoidea of arytenoid 2. Articulatio cricothyriodea: - Trochoid joint - Lig. Ceratocricoideum - Cornu infernus of cartilagio thyroidea+ Facies articularis thyroidea of cricoid |
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Ligaments (10):
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1. Membrana thyrohyoidea (superior border of c. thyriodea- os. hyoideum)
2. Lig. cricothyriodeum medianum (inferior border of c. thyriodea- arcus c. cricoidea) 3. Lig. thyrohyoideum med. (incisura thyroidea sup.- corpus os hyiodeum) + lat. (cornu thyroidea sup.- greater horn of hyiodeum) 4. Lig. criocotracheale 5. Lig. thyroepiglotticum (lamina of cartilagio thyriodea- stalk of epiglottis) 6. Lig. cricopharyngeum 7. Lig. hyoepiglotticum (anterosuperior part of epiglottis- body of hyoid) (8. Corpus adiposum preepiglotticum?) (9. Busa retrohyoidea+ infrahyoidea?) 10. Conus elasticus (fibroelastic membrane, from inner surface of cricoid and is continous with the vocal fold and the thick portion form ligamentum vocale) |
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Laryngeal mm. anterior group:
a) Muscle(s) b) Origin c) Insertion d) Innervation |
a) M. cricothyriodeus (bilateral)
b) Anterior and lateral side of cricoid cartilage c) Lamina of thyroid cartilage and cornus inferiorus d) N. laryngeus sup. |
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Laryngeal mm. posterior group (3)
a) Muscle b) Origin c) Insertion d) Innervation |
1. a) M. cricoarytenoideus (the only vocal cord abductor!)
b) Fascia lamina posterior of c. cridoideus c) Processus muscularis of arytenoid cartilage d) N. laryngeus reccurens ( a branch of the vagus n.) 2. a) M. arytenoideus transversus (lig. vocale) b) Posterior surface of one side of arytenoid c) Opposite side d) N. laryngeus (a branch of the vagus n.) 3. a) M. arytenoideus obliquus- pars aryepiglottica b) Fascia posterior of processus muscularis of cartilagio arytenoideus c) Opposite side d) N. laryngeus reccurens (branch of vagus n.) |
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Laryngeal mm. lateral group (3)
a) Muscle b) Origin c) Insertion d) Innervation |
1. a) M. cricoarytenoideus lat.
b) Superior border and outer surface the arch of cricoid c) Processus muscularis of cartilagio arytenoideus d) N. laryngeus reccurens 2. M. thyroarytenoideus- pars thyroepiglottica b) Facia posterior of cartilaginous thyriodea c) lateral surface of arytenoid cartilage d) N. laryngeus reccurens 3. a) M. vocalis b) Facia posterior of cartilagous thyriodea c) Processus vocalis of cartilagio arytenoideus d) N. laryngeus reccurens |
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Larynx movements
a) Vocal Cords b) Auditus laryngis |
a) - Rotation medial x lateral
- Adduction (mm. arytenoidei & m. cricoarytenoideus lateralis, m. thyroarytenoideus- narrows the laryngeal inlet) - Abduction (m. cricoarytenoid posterior) - Shortening x relaxing (m.vocalis & m. thyroarytenoideus??) b) Auditus laryngis: - Narrowing x widening |
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Cavitas laryngis I: (3)
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1. Valeculae epiglotticae above laryngeal inlet:
- Separated by plicae glossoepiglotticae mediana + lateralis 2. Auditus (inlet): - Epiglottis - Incisura interarytenoidea - Plica aryepiglottica- tuberculum (mucosal folds) - Corniculatum+ cuneiforme 3) Vestibulum (supraglottis): - Plicae vestibularis (false vocal folds)-- maintained by lig- vestibularia (false ligament) - Rima vestibuli - Ventriculus (sacculs- newborn) |
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Cavitas laryngis II (2):
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1. Glottis:
- Plicae vocales (true vocal cords) - Rima glottidis (pars intermembranacea, intercartilaginea, interarytenoidea) Most narrow place of larynx in adults!! 2. Cavitas infraglottica (subglottis) - From plicae vocales to the inferior margin of cricoid cartilage - Most narrow place of larynx in children! |
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Larynx blood supply
a) Arteries b) Veins c) Lymph drainage |
a) 1. a.carotis ext.---> a. thyroidea sup.---> a. laryngea sup.
2. a. subclavia---> a. thyroidea inf.---> a. laryngea inf. (r.cricothyroideus of both sides join close beneath cricoid cartilage) b) Tributaries of thyroid veins along the arteries c) Nodi cervicales profundi |
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Larynx innervation:
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1. N. vagus (X.)- motor, sensory, parasympathetic fibers:
--->n.laryngeus sup.---> r.ext.---> m.cricothyroideus lateralis ---> r. internus---> through membrana thyrohyidea/ cart. thyroidea---> mucosa above rima glottidis ---> n. laryngeus recurrens---> for all other mm. and mucosa above rima glottidis (connection between both sensory branches= Galen`s anastomosis) 2. Truncus sympathicus: ---> rr. laryngopharyngei (for glands and vessels) |
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Epithelium of epiglottis:
a) Lingual surface b) Laryngeal surface c) Plicae vestibularis d) Plicae vocales |
a) Non keratinized squamous epithelium
b) Respiratory epithelium c) Respiratory epithelium d) Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
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Mucous connective tissue of larynx:
a) Vestibulum b) Cavitas infraglottica |
a) Membrana quadrangularis (as low as plicae vestibularis)
b) Conus elasticus (from plicae vocales caudally to cartilagio cricoidea) |
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Histology of cartilages:
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Hyaline, elastic: cartilagio epiglottidis.
Fibroelastic: c. cuniformis and c. corniculata |
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Spatium preepiglotticum:
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Corpus adiposum: loose connective tissue (surgical approach to epiglottis)
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Laryngeal edema:
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The loose connective tissue of the mucosa of the laryngeal inlet permits the build up of conciderable amounts of fluid from the vascular system. Inflammatio due to e.g: insect stings can cause life threatening swelling
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Cricothyrotomi (coniotomi):
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Emergency opening of lig. cricothyroideum
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Oropharynx consists of:
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Vallecullae epiglotticae
Plica glossoepiglottica mediana Plicae glossoepiglotticae laterales |
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Laryngopharynx/ Hypopharynx:
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Recessus piriformis
Plica nervi laryngei superoris |
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Conus elasticus:
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Wall of infraglottic cavity lined by mucosa
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Shape of rima glottidis
a) Quiet resp and wispering b) Normal- deeper breathing c) Deep breathing d) Phonation |
a) Intermembranous part is closed intercartilaginous part has a triangular opening
b) Intermembranous part is partly open, intercartilaginous part is almost fully open c) Rima glottis is maximally open with its widest part in the middle. Both parts are triangular in shape d) Rima glottis is closed and ligaments are tensed. Then opens by an expiratory airstream---> vibration of the vocal folds |
