Anatomy/physiology Review 3 &4

Front 1

Fat cells

Back 1

adipocyte

Front 2

Connective tissue cell that releases heparin and histamine

Back 2

Mast cell

Front 3

Bone cell

Back 3

ostocytes

Front 4

connective tissue cell that gives rise to fibers

Back 4

fibroblast

Front 5

cartilage cell

Back 5

chondrocyte

Front 6

connective tissue cell that is phagocytic

Back 6

macrophages

Front 7

Fibers arranged in bundles; very organized

Back 7

Dense regular

Front 8

location of dense regular tissue?

Back 8

tendons

Front 9

Most common type of connective tissue

Back 9

Loose

Front 10

location of loose tissue

Back 10

blood vessels

Front 11

Network of "branched collagenous fibers"

Back 11

Reticular

Front 12

location of reticular tissue

Back 12

spleen

Front 13

embryonic connective tissue

Back 13

Mesenchyme

Front 14

Location of mesenchyme tissue

Back 14

embryo

Front 15

Mostly collagenous fibers; irregularly arranged.

Back 15

Dense Irregular

Front 16

located of Dense irregular tissue

Back 16

below the dermis.

Front 17

specialized for fat storage

Back 17

adipose

Front 18

location of adipose tissue

Back 18

around organs.

Front 19

Fiber that is branched collagenous fiber that form delicate networks.

Back 19

Reticular

Front 20

Fiber that is long, thin and allows for stretch.

Back 20

Elastic

Front 21

Fiber that is tough, provides high tensile strength.

Back 21

Collagenous

Front 22

Define Plasma Membrane

Back 22

protects the cell, separates exterior and interior, double layered lipid structure.

Front 23

Define cytoplasm

Back 23

All cell contents outside the nucleus, but inside the plasma membrane. Made up of cytosol and organelles

Front 24

define nucleus

Back 24

control center, necessary for cellular reproduction. DNA is stored here.

Front 25

define endoplamsmic reticium.

Back 25

rough ER and Smooth ER. system of tubes extend throughout the cytoplasm.

Front 26

Rough ER

Back 26

ribsomes on surface- transports and housing

Front 27

Smooth ER

Back 27

no ribosomes, steroids, lipids are being assembled. Drug detox.

Front 28

Ribosomes

Back 28

Found freely or in the Rough ER, RNA and protein containing.

Function- site of protein synthesis

Front 29

Golgi Complex

Back 29

Stack of flatten sac found close to the nucleus, helps package protein and other substance for export out of the cell.

Front 30

mitochondria

Back 30

power house, kidney shaped, involved in the production of ATP.

Front 31

Lysosomes

Back 31

Sacs, digest worn out organelles and foreign substances.

Front 32

Centrosomes

Back 32

Area that contain that centrioles, needed for cellular reproduction. Spinal cord and brain do not have centrosomes.

Front 33

Flagella

Back 33

extensions of cytoplasm just one on a cell, moves cell

Front 34

Cilia

Back 34

multiple moves things along the surface.

Front 35

Mitosis

Back 35

-Division of somatic cells
- 23 paired chromosomes
-Two cells identical to the original are produced.

Front 36

Meiosis

Back 36

-Division of sex cells
- Reproduction of sex cells creates gametes
-Only 23 chromosomes.

Front 37

Cytokinesis

Back 37

mitosis, the dividing of cytoplasm and replication of DNA.

Front 38

Diffusion

Back 38

The random mixing of ion and molecules in solution due to their kinetic energy.

Front 39

example of Diffusion

Back 39

air fresher
dye in water

Front 40

Osmosis

Back 40

the net diffusion of a solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane.

Front 41

Example of Osmosis

Back 41

blood cells

Front 42

Hypotonic

Back 42

a solution with a lower concentration of solutes.

Front 43

Hypertonic

Back 43

a solution with a higher concentration of solutions.

Front 44

Isotonic

Back 44

When the concentration of water molecules and impermeable solute particles are the same on both sides of a membrane.

Front 45

Osmotic Pressure-

Back 45

Pressure required to stop movement of pure water into a solution through a membran permeable only to water

Front 46

Example of Osmotic Pressure

Back 46

inside sugar and water

Front 47

Phagocytosis

Back 47

solid substance into cells

Front 48

Pinocytosis

Back 48

Fluid into cell

Front 49

Exocytosis

Back 49

Material out of a cell

Front 50

Solubility of lipids

Back 50

insoluble to diffuse through plasma membran are assisted or facilitated by carrier molecules.

Front 51

Ionic charge

Back 51

Some are negatively and positively attracted

Front 52

concentration gradient

Back 52

naturally flows

Front 53

facilitated diffusion

Back 53

helper proteins

Front 54

When red bloods cells are placed in a HYPOTONIC solution they undergo...

Back 54

Hemolysis

Front 55

WHen red blood cells are placed in a HYPERTONIC solution they undergo...

Back 55

Crenation

Front 56

Normal red blood cells are always...

Back 56

Isotonic

Front 57

Active transport

Back 57

substance that need to move against the concentration gradient are moved across the plasma membran by ATP driven pumps.

Front 58

example of active transport

Back 58

sodium pumps

Front 59

4 types of body tissue

Back 59

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve

Front 60

Functions of Epithelial

Back 60

- covers body surface, lines body cavities and makes up parts of glands
-protection
-filtration

Front 61

Simple squamous

Back 61

single layer of flatten cells

Front 62

function of simple squamous

Back 62

diffusion and filtration

Front 63

location of simple squamous

Back 63

lungs, lines heart, blood vessels

Front 64

simple columnar

Back 64

single layer of tall cells

Front 65

function of simple columnar

Back 65

absorption and secretion

Front 66

location of simple columnar

Back 66

small bronchi and uterine tubes.

Front 67

cuboidal

Back 67

single layer of cube-like cells

Front 68

function of cuboidal

Back 68

secretion and absorption.

Front 69

Locations of cuboidal

Back 69

kidney tubules, ducts in glades, ovary surface.

Front 70

stratified squamous

Back 70

thick membrane composed of several layers of cells.

Front 71

function of stratified squamous

Back 71

protection of underlying areas subject to abrasion

Front 72

Location of stratified squamous

Back 72

skins epidermis, lining of esophagus, mouth, vagina.

Front 73

Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar.

Back 73

single layer of cells with different heights, nuclei are seen are different layers.

Front 74

function of pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

Back 74

secretion and propulsion of mucus.

Front 75

location of ps ciliated columnar

Back 75

respiratory tract

Front 76

Connective tissue is...

Back 76

found throughout the body

most abundant and widely distributed in primary tissue.

Front 77

4 types of connective tissue

Back 77

connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood

Front 78

function of connective tissue

Back 78

binding and support,

protection

insulation

transportation

Front 79

3 structural elements of connect tissue

Back 79

1. fibers
2. interstitial matrix.
3. connective tissue cells

Front 80

characteristics of connect tissue

Back 80

small amount of cells

matrix between cells

Front 81

Three connective fibers

Back 81

collagenous
elastic
reticular

Front 82

define collagenous

Back 82

tough, provides high tensile strength; made of collagen.

Front 83

define elastic

Back 83

long, thin fibers that allow for stretch; made of elastin

Front 84

define reticular

Back 84

branched collagenous fibers that form delicate networks.

Front 85

define interstitial matrix, and what it looks like in bone and cartilage

Back 85

substance between cells median where fibers are suspended.

jelly like

cartilage-firm gel
bone- solidify.

Front 86

what are the three connective tissue cells?

Back 86

1. fibroblast
2. Mast cells
3. Macrophages

Front 87

define serous membrane

Back 87

epithelial; produces serous fluids in the lining of thoracic, abdominal cavity and heart

Front 88

define mucous

Back 88

epithelial; release mucus; lining respiratory, digestive reproductive and urinary tracts.

Front 89

define synovial

Back 89

connective; surrounds joints, tendons, bursar and synovial sheathes.