Anatomy & Physiology Module 3

Front 1

Plasma

Back 1

Liquid portion of unclotted blood

Front 2

Serum

Back 2

Liquid portion of clotted blood

Front 3

RBC

Platelets

WBC

Back 3

Blood cellular elements

Front 4

Granulocyte (Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)

Agranulocyte (Lymphocytes, monocutes)

Back 4

2 kinds of WBC

Front 5

RCB (Erythrocyte)

Back 5

Disk shaped cells containing hemoglobin which transport O2 and CO2

Front 6

WBC (Leukocytes)

Back 6

Protects the body against MCO and remove dead cells and debris

Front 7

Granulocytes

Back 7

Contains cytoplasmic granules

Front 8

Neutrophils

Back 8

Small phagocytic cells

Front 9

Basophild

Back 9

Promote inflamation

Front 10

Eosinophils

Back 10

Influence inflamation

Front 11

Agranulocyte

Back 11

Small granules

Front 12

Lymphocytes

Back 12

Involved in antibody production and othe immune system response

Front 13

Monocyte

Back 13

Macrophages that ingest MCO and cellular debris

Front 14

Leukopenia

Back 14

Decrease in WBC

Front 15

Platelets

Back 15

Cell fragments involved in preventing blood loss

Front 16

Vascular spasm

Back 16

Blood vessels constrict in response to injury resulting in decreased blood flow

Front 17

ABO Blood Group

Back 17

The classification of human blood based on inherited poperties of red blood cells

Front 18

Blood typing

Back 18

Determines the ABO and Rh blood groupings of a blood sample

Front 19

X match test

Back 19

Aggutination reactions between donors and recipient blood

Front 20

Consist of RBC count

Hgb measurement

Hct measurement

WBC

Back 20

Complete Blood Count

Front 21

Differential WBC

Back 21

Determines the % of each type of WBC

Front 22

Clotting

Back 22

Platelets count and prothrombin time measurement determine the bloods ability to clot

Front 23

Blood chemistry

Back 23

Composition of materials dissolved or suspended in plasma

Front 24

Anemia

Back 24

Low RCB

Front 25

Polycythemia vera

Back 25

High RBC

Front 26

Infection

Back 26

High WBC

Front 27

Hemorrhage/Bleeding

Back 27

Low platelet count

Front 28

Lymphatic system or lymphoid system

Back 28

Organ system in vertebrates that is part of the circulatory system and immune system.

Made up of large network of lymphatic vessels etc

Front 29

Lymphatic vessels

Back 29

Carry lymph away from tissues. Valves in the vessels ensure the one way flow of lymph

Front 30

Skeletal muscle contraction

Back 30

Contraction of lymphatic vessel, smooth muscle and thoracic pressure changes moves

Front 31

Thoracic duct and lymphatic duct

Back 31

Empty lymph into the blood

Front 32

Lymphatic tissue

Back 32

Produce lymphocytes when exposed to foreign substances and it filters lymph and blood

Front 33

Tonsils

Back 33

Protect the opening between the nasal and oral cavities and the pharynx

Front 34

Lymph nodes

Back 34

Located along lymphatic vessels; filter lymph

Front 35

White pulp of the spleen

Back 35

Responds to foreign substances in the blood whereas the red pulp phagocytizes foreign substance and worn out RBC.

Reservoir for blood

Front 36

Thymus

Back 36

Processes lymphocytes that move to other lymphatic tissue to respond to foreign substances

Front 37

Thymus

Back 37

Formation of t cells

Front 38

Tonsils/adenoids

Back 38

Distinguish invaders for destruction

Front 39

Spleen

Back 39

Filters blood and distributes t and b cells

Front 40

Lymph glands

Back 40

Storage and white blood cell formation

Front 41

Bone marrow

Back 41

B cells are produced in bone marrow

Front 42

Immunity

Back 42

Ability to resist the harmful effects of MCO and other foreign substances

Front 43

Physcial barriers

Back 43

Barriers that prevent MCO from enetering the body

Front 44

Physical mediators

Back 44

Kills MCO, promotes phagocytosis and increase inflamation

Front 45

Interferons

Back 45

Prevent replication of viruses

Front 46

Chemotaxis

Back 46

Ability of cells to move toward MCO or sites of tissue damage

Front 47

Neutrophils

Back 47

First phagocytic cells to respond to MCO

Front 48

Macrophages

Back 48

Large phagocytic cells that are active in latter part of an infection, are positioned at sites where MCO may enter the tissue

Front 49

Basophils and mast cells

Back 49

Promotes inflammation

Front 50

Eosonophils

Back 50

Play a role in inflammation associated with allergic reaction

Front 51

Natural killer cells

Back 51

Lyse tumor cells virus infected cells

Front 52

Lymphatic vessels

Back 52

Collect tissue fluid from loose connective tissue

Carry fluid to great veins in the neck

Fluid flows only toward the heart

Front 53

Chemotaxis

Opsonization

Ingestion

Digestion

Release

Back 53

Macrophages phagocytosis

Front 54

Chemotaxis

Back 54

Attracts macrophages to the anigen site

Front 55

Opsonization

Back 55

Coats the MCO, enhancing macrophages binding to this antigen

Front 56

Ingestion

Back 56

Macrophages extends its membrane around the opsonized MCO engulfing it within the vacuole (phagosome)

Front 57

Digestion

Back 57

Forms phagolysosomes where antigen destruction occurs

Front 58

Release

Back 58

Once digestion is complete, macrophages expels digestive debris

Front 59

Digestive system

Back 59

Consist of gastrointestinal tract plus accessory organs for digestion

Front 60

Digestion

Back 60

Involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components

Front 61

Digestion

Back 61

Involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components

Front 62

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublimgual

Back 62

3 salivary glands

Front 63

Saliva

Back 63

Secretion of salivary glands

Front 64

Amylase

Back 64

Initiates the digestion of starch

Front 65

Lingual lipase

Back 65

Begins digestion of fat

Front 66

Mastication

Back 66

Accomplish by the teeth, which cut, tear and crush food

Front 67

Esophagus (Esophageal sphincter - regulates movement)

Back 67

Connects the pharynx to the stomach

Front 68

Deglutition

Back 68

Act of swallowing

Front 69

4 tunics

1. Mucosa

2. Submucosa

3. Muscularis

4. Serosa or adventitia

Back 69

Histology of GI tract

Front 70

Peritoneum

Back 70

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organ

Front 71

Mesentrics

Back 71

Double layers of peritoneum that extend from body wall to many abdominal organs

Front 72

Retroperitoneal

Back 72

Organs located behind the parietal peritoneum

Front 73

Stomach

Back 73

Has a cardiac opening from esophagus and pyloric opening into duodenum

Front 74

Gastric glands

Back 74

Produce mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, gastrin and intrinsic factor

Front 75

1. Cephalic phase

2. Gastric phase

3. Intestinal phase

Back 75

Regulaiton of stomach secretion

Front 76

Cephalic phase

Back 76

Vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion even before food is swallowed

Front 77

Gastric phase

Back 77

Food stretches the stomach and activates myenteric and vagovagal reflexes

Front 78

Intestinal phase

Back 78

Intestinal gastrin briefly stimulates the stomach

Front 79

Small Intestine (22 ft)

Back 79

Where most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place

Front 80

Liver

Back 80

Role is to produce bile

Front 81

Bile

Back 81

Substance that physically breaks up large fat droplets that clump together

Front 82

Gallbladder

Back 82

Organ that stores bile

Front 83

Pancreas

Back 83

Secrete enzymes into the small intestine that complete the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Front 84

Duodenum (Ligament of Treitz)

Back 84

First part of the small intestine

Front 85

Jejunum (LUQ)

Back 85

Second part of SI. Entirely intraperitoneal as the mesentry

Front 86

Ileum (RLQ)

Back 86

Last and longest part of the SI

Front 87

Large Intestine

Back 87

Site of water and mineral absorption. Collect undigested material and form feces.

Front 88

Rectum

Back 88

Stores feces

Front 89

Internal sphincter (smooth muscle)

External sphincter (skeletal muscle)

Back 89

Regulation of defecation

Front 90

Kupffer's cell

Back 90

Lining the sinusoids remove bacteria and toxins that have enter the blood through the intestinal capillaries