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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anatomy
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study of structure of body HOW THINGS LOOK
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Look
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Physiology
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study of FUNCTION of body HOW THINGS WORK
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function
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Gross Anatomy
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what can be seen by naked eye
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Microsopic
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what can be seen through microscope
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Developmental
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throughout life from before birth to death
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Regional Gross Anatomy
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specific areas of body... dermatology
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Systemic Gross Anatomy
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specific systems like Gastroenterology
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Surface Gross Anatomy
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study of internal structures as they appear thru skin... like broken bone
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Cytology
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study of cells
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Histology
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study of tissues
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Embryology
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study of changes in development before birth
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Pathological Anatomy
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study of structural changes cause by disease
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Radiographic Anatomy
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study of internal structures using Cat scans. xrays. MRI
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Molecular Biology
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study of anatomy at a subcellular level
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Principles of Complementarity
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Function always reflecs structure
You can tell what something does by looking at it Structure depends on form |
How something looks equals how it works and vice versa
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Levels of Structural Organization
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AMOCTOOO
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Tissue
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a group of similar cells that perform the same function
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Integumentary System
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Skin
Sweat Glands Oil Glands Hair and Nails Synthesizes Vit D |
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Skeletal System
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Bones
Marrow cartilage ligaments supports body SITE OF BLOOD CELL FORMATION |
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Muscular System
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Muscles and Tendons
Movement PRODUCES HEAT |
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Nervous System
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Brain Spinal Cord Nerves
responds to stimuli Activates muscles and glands |
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Cardiovascular System
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Heart and blood vessels
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Lymphatic System
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Red Bone Marrow
thymus spleen lymph nodes lymphatic vessels picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns to blood houses white blood cells Home to Immune system |
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Respiratory System
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Nasal cavity trachea bronchi and lungs
oxygenates blood and removes carbon dioxide |
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Digestive System
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Mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum liver anus
breaks down food and eliminates fecal matter |
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Urinary System
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kidneys
ureters bladder urethra eliminates urine from body regulates water electrolyte and pH balance REGULATES BLOOD PRESSURE |
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Endocrine System
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Pituitary gland
thyroid gland pancreas adrenal glands gonads Deals with growth hormones and metabolism and reproduction |
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Female Reproductive System
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mammory glands ovaries uterus fallopian tubes vagina
production of offspring production of eggs and estrogen site to house fetus |
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Male Reproductive System
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prostate penis testes scrotum and vas deferens
production of offspring production of sperm ejaculation of sperm |
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Necessary Life Functions
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Things organisms must DO to function
maintain boundaries ... cell membranes. .. skin movement responsiveness digestion metabolism excretion reproduction ... cell division or sexual growth |
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Survival Needs
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things organisms must GET from environment to survive
nutrients oxygen water maintain normal body temp atmoshperic pressure |
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Homeostasis
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maintaining a stable environment
maintain body temp pH levels glucose levels |
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Receptor
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monitors environment and responds to stimuli
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Control Center
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determines set point at which the variable is maintained
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Effector
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provides the means to respond to stimulus
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Negative Feedback
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homeostasis mechanisms involve sensing that something is out of whack (temp rising too high)
body deals with by trying to turn that back around OUTPUT SHUTS OFF THE ORIGINAL STIMULUS |
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Positive Feedback
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Self Amplifying cycle
birth blood clotting protein digestion generation of nerve signals CYCLE |
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Anatomical Position
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Why Me stance
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Superior
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Toward the head
also Cranial |
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Inferior
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away from head
also distal or caudal |
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Anterior
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toward the front of body
also VENTRAL |
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Posterior
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toward back of body
also DORSAL |
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Medial
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toward the midline
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Lateral
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furthest away from midline
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Intermediate
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between the medial and lateral
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Superficial
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External
toward or at body surface skin |
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Deep
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Internal
away from body surface |
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Proximal
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closer to origin of body
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Distal
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further away from origin of body
wrist is more distal than the elbow |
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Axial
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head neck trunk
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Appendicular
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appendages or limbs
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Sagittal Plane
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divides body into right and left
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Midsagittal or medial Plane
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Divides left and right directly in the middle
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Frontal or Coronal Plane
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divides body into front and back or anterior and posterior or ventral and dorsal planes
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Transverse or Horizontal Planes
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divides the body into upper and lower or superior and inferior parts
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Oblique Sectional Plane
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cuts the body diagonally
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Xray Planes
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always viewed from feet up so right and left are switched
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Dorsal Cavity
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protects nervous system
divided into CRANIAL CAVITY and VERTEBRAL CAVITY |
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Ventral Cavity
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houses the internal organs
divided into THORACIC CAVITY and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY |
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Cranial Cavity
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skull and encases brain
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Vertebral Cavity
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Vertebral Column and encases spinal cord
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Thoracic Cavity
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houses the PLEURAL CAVITY and MEDIASTINUM and PERICARDIAL cavity
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Pleural Cavity
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lungs
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Mediastinum
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Pericardial cavity and thoracic organs
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Pericardial Cavity
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encloses the heart
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Abdominal Cavity
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contains stomach liver intestines spleen liver
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Pelvic Cavity
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inside pelvis and contains bladder reproductive organs and rectum
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Right Upper Quandrant
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Liver gall bladder right transverse colon
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Left Upper Quandrant
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stomach spleen left transverse colon
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Left Lower Quadrant
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decending colon left small intestine
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Right Lower Quadrant
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cecum appendix ascending colon right small intestine
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covalent is shared
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covalent is shared
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