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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The _____ system provides slow, more wide spread control of the body
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endocrine
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The ____ system provides rapid, precise control of the body
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nervous
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The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of:
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of: |
-brain and spinal cord
-cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia |
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The PNS is made up of:
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-12 pairs of cranial nerves
-31 pairs of spinal nerves (8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1Co) |
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Spinal nerve is a combination of what?
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-dorsal and ventral root
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The posterior root of the spinal nerve is:
The anterior root: |
-sensory (afferent)
-motor (efferent) |
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Which ramus supply the structures of the anterolateral body wall and the extermities?
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-anterior ramus
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Plexuses are made up of the _____ of the spinal nerves, which then join and become ____
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-anterior rami
-somatic nerve plexuses |
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The nervous system is functionally divided into:
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-Somatic NS
-Autonomic NS |
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What somatic NS carries sensation that (reach/does not reach) awareness and controls (voluntary/involuntary) functions
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-reach awareness (pain and temperature)
-voluntary |
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The autonomic NS carries information that (does/does not) reach awareness. It controls (voluntary/involuntary) functions
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-does not reach awareness
-involuntary (digestion and constriction of vessels) |
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The autonomic NS is divided into:
This division is based on: |
-sympathetic & parasympathetic
-structure, function, and segment of the CNS |
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The _____ NS mobilizes the body for fight or flight, which increases heart rate and dilates the pupils
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sympathetic
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The _____ NS acts to preserve the body, which includes constricting the bronchioles and promoting digestive system function
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parasympathetic
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The _____ system has one neuron linkage between the CNS and the effector organ
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somatic motor
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The _____ system is composed of two neuron linkages, composed of a pre and post ganglionic neurons. The cell body of the postganglionic neuron is found in the _____
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-autonomic nervous system
-autonomic ganglia |
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The ANS that consist of the long postganglionic fiber is ______. These arise from the _____
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-sympathetic
-prevertebral or paravertebral (close to the CNS) |
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The ANS that consist of the short postganglionic fiber is _____. These arise close to or on the wall of the target organ
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-parasympathetic
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The sympathetic nervous system is called the _____, due to the location of its preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord which is located in ____
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-thoracolumbar division
-T1-L2 |
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The parasympathetic division is called the _____, due to the location of its preganglionic cell bodies which is located in _____
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-craniosacral division
-brainstem nuclei or sacral spinal cord (segment 2-4) |
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(true or false) parasympathetic fibers are found in the body wall and limbs
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FALSE
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Typical spinal nerves are divided into four functional components and fibers:
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-General Somatic Afferent (GSA)
-General Visceral Afferent (GVA) -General Somatic Efferent (GSE) -General Visceral Efferent (GVE) |
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The somatic nervous system, which includes GSA and GSE controls ____
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-skeletal muscle
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GSA nerve fibers carry information such as _____
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-pain
-temperature -touch from skin -position sense (proprioception) from muscles, tendons, and joints |
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GSA nerve fibers supply strips of skin divided into _____. All portions of the skin is supplied by the GSA except for the ______
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-dermatomes
-face and scalp |
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GSE, which controls skeletal muscles develop from embryonic _____, which are blocks of paraxial mesoderm on each side of the developing neural tube
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-somites
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The autonomic nervous system supplies _____, through GVE fibers with the accompaniment of GVA fibers
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-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle -glands |
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Give the pathway of the GVE fibers if it were to go to the blood vessels, glands or the head and thoracic viscera
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ventral rami --> white rami communicantes --> SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA (form synapse) --> (postganglion fibers) gray rami communicantes --> ventral rami --> target areas
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Give the pathway of the GVE fibers if it were to go to the abdominal viscera
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ventral rami --> whit rami communicantes --> PAST the sympathetic ganglia --> PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA (form synapse) --> (postganglion fibers) --> target areas
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GVA fibers that carry pain from visceral organs accompany _____ GVE fibers. Visceral pain may be "referred" to the ______
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-sypmathetic
-body wall or extremities (superficial pain in certain areas is commonly referred from corresponding deep structures; ex. heart may cause pain down left arm) |
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Nervous system contains two basic cell types:
Name and function: |
Glial cells - support and nourish nerve cells; provide extracellular environment
Neurons - action potentials/nerve impulses |
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Two basic types of neurons in the PNS for sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) are:
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-sensory - psuedounipolar (unipolar) neurons (one process leaves cell body and divides into peripheral process and central process)
-motor - multipolar neurons (one axon, many dendrites) |
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Since the posterior root of the SN is mainly for sensory, they house____. On the other hand, since the anterior root of the SN is for motor functions, it houses ______
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-pseudounipolar neuron cell bodies
-axons of multipolar neurons (cell bodies are in the anterior horn gray matter or the interomeiolateral cell column (IMLCC) of the spinal cord) |
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A ganglion is a collection of ____ outside the CNS. The dorsal root ganglion contains _____
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-cell bodies of pseudounipolar sensory neuron
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Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox) remains dormant in the _____ and when activated can lead to ______
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-dorsal root ganglion
-shingles (herpes zoster) *affects dermatomes of affected nerves |
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Peripheral process of pseudounipolar sensory neuron carry action potentials (towards/away) from cell body. Central process caries action potentials (towards/away) cell body
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-towards - to dorsal root ganglion
-away - to CNS |
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A collection of nerve cell bodies of motor neurons inside the central nervous system is called:
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-nucleus, column, or layer
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Reflexes are mediated by chains of neurons called _____. Examples of this include ______ which is elicited by tapping the tendon of a muscle with a reflex hammer
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-reflex arcs
-tendon (stretch) reflex |
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(True or False) Reflexes are present in both somatic and autonomic (visceral) nervous systems
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-True
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A reflex arch consists of:
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-an efferent limb
-an afferent limb -interneurons |
