Anatomy Of The Eye

Front 1

(Eye socket/protective)
Opthalmological term for the eye socket, eyeball surrounded by fatty tissue in the bony orbit, shaped like a cone or pear

Back 1

Bony Orbit

Front 2

Ophthalmological term for eyeball

Back 2

Globe

Front 3

Protective of the eye
Lids contain tear gland, lacrimal glands
blinking spreads tear fluid across front of the eye
keeps eyes moist and protects from invading biological agents

Back 3

Lids, lashes

Front 4

Tear fluid contains chemicals which kill invading biological agent
protects eye from infections

Back 4

Lacrimal glands(tear glands)

Front 5

Small openings in corner of eye lids near the nose where tear fluid drains out fluid escapes into the venous system and is eliminated from body as waste

Back 5

Lacrimal ducts

Front 6

Hard tissue
Function is to hold contents of the eye
Outer most layer of the eye

Back 6

Sclera (white of the eye)

Front 7

Transparent
"the window of the eye"

Back 7

Cornea

Front 8

Thin covering of the front portion of the eye and thinner layer of the eyelids

Back 8

Conjunctiva

Front 9

Colored portion of eye
Function is to control the amount of light passing into the eye

Back 9

Iris

Front 10

Hole in the iris through which light passes
Constricts in bright light, grows larger in dim light

Back 10

Pupil

Front 11

Transparent, living tissue
Changes shape to focus light rays on retina

Back 11

Lens

Front 12

Produced by ciliary body.
Flows in front of lens then out the pupil into space in front of iris and is drained out through the Canal of Schlemm.
Function is to provide oxygen and nutrients for the lens.
Lens tissue absorbs oxygen and nutrients from aquerous fluid.

Back 12

Aqueous Fluid

Front 13

Small vesicle in underside of front part of eye under the border where the cornea and sclera meet.
Aqueous fluid escapes through Canal of Schlemm

Back 13

Canal of Schlemm

Front 14

Mesh-like membrane covering Canal of Schlemm.
Aqueous fluid flows through the holes in the membrane

Back 14

Trabeculum meshwork

Front 15

Muscle which controls the shape of the lens

Back 15

Ciliary muscle

Front 16

Strands of tissue emanating from the ciliary muscle and attached to the edge of the lens

Back 16

Zonules or suspensory ligaments

Front 17

Second layer of the eye, below the sclera
Function is to provide nutrients and oxygen to the retina and other portions of the eye

Back 17

Choroid

Front 18

Comprised of the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid

Back 18

Uvea or uveal tract

Front 19

The "photographic playe" of the eye
Contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones,
nerve fibers from the cells lead to the optic nerve

Back 19

Retina

Front 20

Center of the retina, location where fine vision occus(reading)
composed of only cones
If macula does not function, then the individual is legally blind
20/200 visual acuity.
(best vision)

Back 20

Macula

Front 21

Center of the mascular
Very small area in which extremely fine vision occurs

Back 21

Foreva

Front 22

light sensitive cells, look like rods under a microscope
Enable humans to see in dim light, see movement on the sides, and see black and white , and shades of gray

Back 22

Rods

Front 23

Light sensitive cells, look like cones under a microscope
Enable humans to distinguish color, to see very fine detail, and to see in bright light concentrated in center of retina

Back 23

Cones

Front 24

Nerve, the size of a number 2 pencil.
Emanating from back of the eye, retinal nerves all lead to the optic disk- the head of the optic nerve

Back 24

Optic Nerve

Front 25

Area of sclera where nerve fibers of theoptic nerve pass through a mesh-like structure.
Small holes in sclera allowing the nerve fibers to pas through the scleral tissue

Back 25

Lamina Oribosa

Front 26

Transparent jelly-like substance filling the space behind the lens
approximately 2/3 of the volume of the eye
Function is to maintain the shape of the eye.

Back 26

Viterous body

Front 27

Location in the mid-brain where the two optic nerves of the eyes come together

Back 27

Optic chiasm

Front 28

SEE WITH BRAIN NOT EYES
Location in the brain where vision actually occurs.
Location where the electrical nerve impulses generated by the visual mechanism are interpreted
Located at the back of the skill above the neck

Back 28

Visual Cortex

Front 29

6 extra-ocular muscles:
Rectus muscles (medial, lateral, superior, inferior)
Oblique (superior and inferior)

Back 29

Muscles

Front 30

All four rectus muscles emanate from the back of the bony orbit moving forward and attaching to the eyeball

Back 30

Point of insertion

Front 31

Move eye to the left and to the right

Back 31

Lateral and Medial

Front 32

Positioned on left side of left eye or outside, when pull or contracts, eye moves to the outside or away from middle of body (toward ear)

Back 32

Lateral Rectus

Front 33

Positioned near nose, when medial rectus muscles pulls or contracts, eye moves toward the nose or toward the middle of the body

Back 33

Medial Rectus

Front 34

Positioned on top of eye, when pulls or contracts, eye moves up

Back 34

Superior rectus muscle

Front 35

Positioned on underside of eye, when pulls or contracts, the eye moves down

Back 35

Inferior rectus muscle

Front 36

Attached at end of eye socket.
Moves forward and loops through the trochlea(a small bony protrusion slightly above the nose on the inside of the brow)
The superior oblique moves back from the trochlea across the top of the globe and attaches on the back side of the globe.
When the SO pills or contracts, it casues the eye to move DOWN AND IN.

Back 36

Superior oblique

Front 37

Begins at the front of the eye attaching to the bony structure near the nose, moves backward on the underside of the globe and attaches in the back of the eye.
When it pulls or contracts, it causes the eye to move upward and inward.

Back 37

Inferior Oblique