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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fundoscopic Exam |
Right hand for right eye Left hand for left eye |
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Retinal vessels |
Arteries are brighter red and narrower than veins |
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Macula |
Centered 2-2.5 disc diameters temporal to the optic disc
If macula is hard to see, have pt look directly into light |
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Visual acuity |
20/400 means: what normal person sees at 400 feet someone sees at 20 feet
Hyperopia = farsightedness Myopia = nearsightedness
Presbyopia = inability to focus up close after age 40
Arcus senilis: grey or white circle around limbus due to increased lipids no effect on vision and benign look at lipids and treat does not go away
Pterygium: raised wedge shaped growth over conjunctiva, non cancerous |
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Blepharitis |
usually staph or seborrheic dermatitis
RED, SCALY, GREASY FLAKES Thick crusted lids burning itching tearing
Management: hot compresses topical antibiotics: bacitracin or ERYC vigorously scrub lashes and lid margins and rinse |
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Glaucoma |
Increased ICP
Open-angle is chronic Closed-angle is acute |
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S/S Glaucoma |
Open-angle (chronic): Elevated ICP Cupping of the disc Constriction of visual fields
Closed-angle (acute): Extreme Pain Blurred vision Halos around lights Pupil dilated or fixed |
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Diagnostics for Glaucoma |
Tonometry Tonometry screen by age 40 recommended |
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Management of Glaucoma |
Open-angle (chronic): Alpha-2-adrenergic (Alphagan, Brimonidine) Beta-adrenergic blockers (Timolol) Miotic Agent (Pilocarpine)
Closed-angle (acute): Carbonic anydrase inhibitor (Diamoxl, Acetazolamide) Osmotic diuretics (Mannitol) Surgery |
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Cataracts |
Clouding and opacification of the normally clear lens of the eye
Most common in patients 65+
Causes: aging heredity trauma toxins, drugs, tobacco, and alcohol theories congenital diabetes AV sunlight exposure |
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S/S Cataracts |
Painless clouded/blurred vision halos around lights No red reflex Opacity of lens |
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Management of Cataracts |
change glasses as cataract develops refer for surgery |
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Retinal Detachment |
Flashes of light, esp. in peripheral
Refer for surgery |
