Anatomy Of Back Muscles

Front 1

where does the body weight fall compared to the vertebral column?

Back 1

anterior to it

Front 2

name the two intrinsic muscles of the back

Back 2

splenus
erector spinae

Front 3

what 2 parts are there to splenius and where do they attach

Back 3

splenius capitus: attaches to superior nuchal line (lateral part) and mastoid process of cranium
splenius cervicis: attaches to tubercles of transverse processes of C1-3

Front 4

where does splenius originate?

Back 4

the spinous processes of C7 - T6 and the nuchal ligament

Front 5

what is splenius's main action

Back 5

alone: lateral flexion / rotation to the same side
together: extension of neck

Front 6

what is splenius's innervation?

Back 6

posterior rami of spinal nerves

Front 7

what is erector spinae made up of?

Back 7

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

Front 8

what do all the parts of erector spinae originate from

Back 8

posterior sacrum and iliac crest

Front 9

what are the subdivisions of the parst of erector spinae?

Back 9

iliocostalis: lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
longissimus: thoracis, cervicis, capitis
spinalis:thoracis, cervicis, capitis

Front 10

what is erector spinae innervated by?

Back 10

the posterior rami of the spinal nerves

Front 11

what is the action of erector spinae?

Back 11

alobe: lateral flexions
together: main extensor of the back

Front 12

where is the "groove" of erector spinae?

Back 12

between the spinous processes and the angles of the ribs

Front 13

what muscles make up tranversospinalis?

Back 13

from in to out, rotatores, multifidus, semispinales

Front 14

what is the spinal cord a continuation of?

Back 14

the medulla oblongata

Front 15

what is the conus medullaris?

Back 15

part of the cord which is inferior to S1

Front 16

to where does the spinal cord extend?

Back 16

L2

Front 17

where do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

Back 17

vertebral foramina

Front 18

what merges to form the mixed spinal nerve?

Back 18

2 nerve roots

Front 19

what kind of fibre is in the anterior root?

Back 19

motor

Front 20

what kind of fibre is in in the posterior root

Back 20

sensory

Front 21

which root has a ganglion?

Back 21

the dorsal root - DRG

Front 22

what does the mixed spinal nerve divide into

Back 22

anterior and posteiror rami

Front 23

what does the posterior rami supply?

Back 23

joints of vertebral column, deep muscles of the back, overyling skin

Front 24

which rami form nerve plexuses?

Back 24

anterior rami

Front 25

what does the term "sensory" really mean in terms of a cutaneous / sensory nerve

Back 25

majority is sensory, some motor fibres still carried eg to sweat glands etc

Front 26

what is a dermatome?

Back 26

area of skin supplied by the anterior rami of a single spinal nerve

Front 27

what is a myotome?

Back 27

the area of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve

Front 28

what happened to the column/cord in development in terms of legnth

Back 28

column grew more than cord

Front 29

what is the cauda equina

Back 29

the long rootlets in the lumbar/sacral regions

Front 30

what is the filum terminale

Back 30

the vestigial remnant of the last part of the spinal cord

Front 31

what anchors the caudal end of the spinal cord

Back 31

the filum terminale

Front 32

where does the filum terminale attach?

Back 32

end of the coccyx

Front 33

what is meant by the dural part of the filum terminale

Back 33

the part where it has perforated the dura and acquired a dural covering

Front 34

what is the consitency and composition of the spinal dura?

Back 34

tough, fibrous and elastic fibres

Front 35

what sac does the spinal dura form?

Back 35

dural sac

Front 36

what is the inferior attachment of the spinal dura?

Back 36

by filum terminale to coccyx

Front 37

what is the superior attachment of the spinal dura

Back 37

the margin of the foraman magnum

Front 38

what are the dural root sheaths

Back 38

evagintions of the dura mater where the spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal

Front 39

what is the innervation of the dura mater, does it have pain sensation?

Back 39

recurrent meningeal nerve, yes!

Front 40

what is the epidural space?

Back 40

same as the extradural sapce
contains epidural fat
contains epidural venous sinuses

Front 41

what is the subdural sapce?

Back 41

a potential space, usually closed due to pressure of CSF pressing arachnoid on to dura mater

Front 42

what space does the arachmoid mater enclose?

Back 42

subarachnoid space

Front 43

what is in the subatachnoid space?

Back 43

CSF, spinal cord, spinal nerve roots and ganglia

Front 44

what are the delicate strands of connective tissue spanning the subarachnoid space?

Back 44

subarachnoid trabeculae

Front 45

what is the denticulate ligament?

Back 45

ligament on either side of spinal cord, made of pia mater, attaches cord to arachnoid mater

Front 46

what is the enlargment of the dural sac, caudal to the conus medullaris called?

Back 46

the lumbar cistern

Front 47

what is the lumbar cistern

Back 47

enlargment of dural sac
inferrior to conus medullaris