Anatomy: Nervous System

Front 1

Central Nervous System

Back 1

Command centre, brain + spinal cord. Processes + integrates info.

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 2

Consist of cranial nerves, spinal nerves.

Front 3

Sensory Division

Back 3

Division of the peripheral nervous system. Has sensory receptors that detect stimuli.

Front 4

Stimuli

Back 4

Change in internal or external environment

Front 5

Motor Division

Back 5

Part of the PNS, does the action.

Front 6

Neuron

Back 6

Conducts impulses, make up the CNS + PNS.

Front 7

Cell body

Back 7

Part of the neuron, typical organelles.

Front 8

Nuclei

Back 8

Gray matter, clusters of cell body in the CNS

Front 9

Ganglia

Back 9

Clusters of cell body in the PNS

Front 10

Dendrites

Back 10

Recieves incoming msgs and relay to cell body

Front 11

Axon

Back 11

Carry impulses away from cell body

Front 12

Axon Hillock

Back 12

Where axon meets cell body

Front 13

Axon Terminal

Back 13

Typically branched with synaptic end bulb

Front 14

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 14

Gaps in Myeline Sheath

Front 15

Gligial Cells/Neuroglia

Back 15

Support neuron cells

Front 16

Oligodendrocytes

Back 16

CNS neuroglia that Produce Myeline around axon

Front 17

Microglia

Back 17

Protective CNS neuroglia

Front 18

Astrocytes

Back 18

CNS neuroglia that surrounds blood cappilaries to form part of blood brain barrier. Help control capillary permeability

Front 19

Ependymal

Back 19

CNS neueoglia Lines brain ventricles + central canal of the spinal cord. Secrete CSF

Front 20

Schwann cell

Back 20

PNS neuroglia, form myeline around axons

Front 21

Satellite cell

Back 21

PNS neuroglia, surround neuron cell bodies. Protection and support

Front 22

Neuron Classification

Back 22

Based on # of cell processes off of cell body, direction of impulse conduction

Front 23

Unipolar

Back 23

1 process that divides into two: Central and peripheral. Always sensory

Front 24

Bipolar

Back 24

2 processes, 1 axon, 1 proccess with dendrites. Sensory; retina, nose.

Front 25

Multipolar

Back 25

3+ processes; 1 axon, many dendrites. All interneuron + motor neuron.

Front 26

Sensory Neurons

Back 26

Usually unipolar, from sensory receptors to CNS

Front 27

Interneurons

Back 27

Within CNS (between sensory and motor. Mostly multipolar

Front 28

Motor Neurons

Back 28

CNS to effectors

Front 29

Neuronal Junction

Back 29

Neuron to neuron. Can be chemical or electical

Front 30

Neuromuscular Junction

Back 30

Motor neuron to skeletal muscle

Front 31

Neuroglandular Junction

Back 31

Motor neuron to gland.

Front 32

Presynapic Neuron

Back 32

Structure of chemical neuronal synapse, neuron bringing impulses

Front 33

Axon Terminal

Back 33

Structure of chemical neuronal synapse, within synaptic end bulb.

Front 34

Synpatic Cleft

Back 34

Space between neurons

Front 35

Post synaptic Neuron

Back 35

Recieves the impulses.

Front 36

Bone

Back 36

Skull + vertebral column

Front 37

Meninges

Back 37

Connective tissue around brain + spinal cord.

Front 38

Layers of the meninges

Back 38

Dura matter, archoroid mater, pia mater

Front 39

meningitis

Back 39

inflammation of meninges

Front 40

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 40

Surrounds brain + spinal cord. In brain ventricles + central canal of spinal cord.

Front 41

Central Canal

Back 41

Space in spinal cord

Front 42

Blood Brain Barrier

Back 42

Allows glucose, fat soluble material. Selectively permeable. Two types; endothelial cell, astrocytes.

Front 43

Cerebral Arterial Circle

Back 43

Cerebral arteries formed circles at base of forebrain.

Front 44

Function of Cerebral Arterial Circle

Back 44

Unites two major blood supplies to the brain and provides an alternate route for blood if vessels are blocked.

Front 45

Lobes of the cerebrum

Back 45

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital.

Front 46

Fissures

Back 46

Deep groove on the forebrain

Front 47

Longitudinal fissure Function

Back 47

Separates right, and left cerebral hemisphere

Front 48

Transverse fissure function

Back 48

Separates cerebellium + cerebrum

Front 49

Lateral fissure function

Back 49

Separates temporal love from rest of cerebrum.

Front 50

Gyri

Back 50

Ridge.

Front 51

Sulci

Back 51

shallow groove, separates gyri.

Front 52

Cerebral

Back 52

2-4 mm thick, gray matters. Has functional areas; motor area + sensory areas.

Front 53

Tracts

Back 53

White matter

Front 54

Association tracts

Back 54

From gyrus to gyrus in same hemisphere

Front 55

Comissural Tracts

Back 55

From gyrus to gyrus in opposite hemisphere

Front 56

Projection Tracts

Back 56

Runs vertically, brain to spinal cord/spinal cord to brain

Front 57

Basal Nuclei

Back 57

Paired masses of gray matter, controls skeletal muscle movement

Front 58

Diencephalon

Back 58

All grey matter

Front 59

Thalamus

Back 59

2 lobes connected by intermediate mass. Relay system for impulses.

Front 60

Hypothalamus

Back 60

Major regulator of internal environment.

Front 61

Pons

Back 61

Tract between brain + spinal cord, pontine respiratory centres

Front 62

Medulla

Back 62

Several vital centres for swallowing, sneezing, vomiting.

Front 63

Brain stem

Back 63

midbrains, pons, medulla

Front 64

Cerebellum

Back 64

coordinates skeletal muscle contraction; balance and posture

Front 65

Limbic System

Back 65

Regulates emotions, contains areas involved in memory

Front 66

Reticular formation

Back 66

neclei in brain stem, regulates alertness + attention. Sleep results when inhibite