Anatomy - Nervous System

Front 1

Carry impulses away from the CNS

Back 1

efferent

Front 2

neurotransmitter that is an amino acid and inhibitory

Back 2

GABA

Front 3

Is dopamine excitatory or inhibitory?

Back 3

can be either

Front 4

These glial cells line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord.

Back 4

Ependymal

Front 5

Depolarization is a result of _____ of __ ions __ of the cell

Back 5

increase of NA ions into the cell

Front 6

Repolarization of membrane is a result of _____ of __ ions __ of the cell

Back 6

increase of K ions out of the cell

Front 7

Hyperpolarization of the membrane happens when __ gates open

Back 7

K

Front 8

Collections of nerves in the central nervous system

Back 8

nuclei

Front 9

Motor nerves are _ferrent

Back 9

efferent

Front 10

Sensory nerves are _ferrent

Back 10

aferrent

Front 11

abundant, star-shaped cells that brace neurons, control chemical environment of brain

Back 11

astrocytes

Front 12

Spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris such as dead brain cells and bacteria

Back 12

microglia

Front 13

The cilia of ______ cells help circulate CSF

Back 13

ependymal

Front 14

Produce myelin sheaths in CNS

Back 14

oligodendrocytes

Front 15

Produce myelin sheaths in PNS

Back 15

Schwann cells

Front 16

Protect neuron cell bodies in PNS

Back 16

satellite cells

Front 17

Specialized rough ER in neurons

Back 17

Nissl bodies

Front 18

The intermediate cytoskeleton that maintains the shape of neurons

Back 18

Neurofibrils

Front 19

End of axons

Back 19

axon terminal

Front 20

Gap between adjacent neurons

Back 20

synaptic cleft

Front 21

junction between nerves

Back 21

synapse

Front 22

detect stretch or tension in muscles

Back 22

proprioceptors

Front 23

detect temperature and pain

Back 23

free nerve endings

Front 24

touch receptor

Back 24

meissner's corpuscle

Front 25

deep pressure receptor

Back 25

lamellar corpuscle

Front 26

the specific names for the proprioceptors

Back 26

Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle

Front 27

connect sensory and motor neurons

Back 27

interneurons

Front 28

all motor and interneurons are ___polar

Back 28

multipolar

Front 29

this type of neuron is found in special sense organs like nose and eye

Back 29

bipolar

Front 30

sensory neurons in PNS are of this type

Back 30

unipolar

Front 31

ability to respond to a stimulus

Back 31

irritability

Front 32

ability to transmit impulse

Back 32

conductivity

Front 33

this type of neuron is polarized with fewer positive ions inside the cell than outside of it

Back 33

resting neuron

Front 34

when action potential reaches axon terminal, electrical charge opens _______ channels

Back 34

calcium

Front 35

direct route from sensory neuron to interneuron to effector

Back 35

reflex arc

Front 36

simplest type of reflex arc

Back 36

two neuron (e.g. patellar reflex)

Front 37

ridges of cerebrum

Back 37

gyri

Front 38

grooves of cerebrum

Back 38

sulci

Front 39

central sulcus is between which lobes

Back 39

frontal and parietal

Front 40

lobe for problem solving, judgment, language, impulse control, social/sexual behaviours

Back 40

frontal

Front 41

lobe with sensory centre for touch

Back 41

parietal

Front 42

lobe with visual centre

Back 42

occipital

Front 43

lobe with sensory centre for hearing

Back 43

temporal

Front 44

lobe with Broca's area

Back 44

frontal

Front 45

lobe with gustatory area

Back 45

parietal

Front 46

lobe with olfactory area

Back 46

temporal

Front 47

islands of gray matter buried within the white matter

Back 47

basal nuclei

Front 48

three parts of diencephalon

Back 48

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Front 49

pineal gland is encompassed within what part of diencephalon?

Back 49

epithalamus

Front 50

relay station for sensory impulses

Back 50

thalamus

Front 51

Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

Back 51

thalamus

Front 52

Part of diencephalon that surrounds third ventricle

Back 52

thalamus

Front 53

Forms roof of third ventricle

Back 53

thalamus

Front 54

Part of diencephalon that includes choroid plexus

Back 54

epithalamus

Front 55

Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers, has reflex centers for vision and hearing

Back 55

midbrain

Front 56

Bulging centre of brainstem

Back 56

pons

Front 57

mostly fiber tracts; includes nuclei involved in control of breathing;

Back 57

pons

Front 58

part of brainstem that merges into spinal cord

Back 58

medulla oblongata

Front 59

contains important control centres for heartrate, breathing, vomiting, blood pressure regulation, swallowing

Back 59

medulla oblongata

Front 60

Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem, involved in motor control of visceral organs

Back 60

reticular formation

Front 61

plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness

Back 61

reticular activating system

Front 62

Provides involuntary coordination of body movements— balance and equilibrium

Back 62

cerebellum

Front 63

Slight brain injury, such as a hard blow to the head - no permanent damage

Back 63

concussion

Front 64

brain injury where some nervous tissue destruction occurs

Back 64

contusion

Front 65

swelling that may compress/kill brain tissue

Back 65

cerebral edema

Front 66

Aphasia is damage to speech centre in ___ hemisphere

Back 66

left

Front 67

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

Back 67

31

Front 68

branch of a spinal nerve; contains both motor and sensory fibers

Back 68

ramus

Front 69

damage to radial nerve results in?

Back 69

wrist drop

Front 70

damage to median nerve causes inability to _________?

Back 70

pick up small objects

Front 71

damage to ulnar nerve causes?

Back 71

clawhand

Front 72

damage to sciatic nerve causes inability to?

Back 72

extend hip, flex knee

Front 73

damage to common fibular causes?

Back 73

foot drop (inability to flex foot)

Front 74

damage to tibial nerve causes inability to?

Back 74

plantar flex / invert foot