Anatomy Lecture Test 1

Front 1

3 structural types of joint

Back 1

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Front 2

space that exists between the 2 bones of a synovial joint instead of fibrous CT or cartilage

Back 2

the joint cavity

Front 3

loosely envelopes synovial joints so the articulating surfaces don't actually touch

Back 3

joint capsule

Front 4

contained in the TMJ (a synovial joint) that acts as a shock absorber and makes the joint surface more congruent

Back 4

articular disc

Front 5

difference between tendons and ligaments

Back 5

tendons: muscle to bone

ligament: bone to bone

Front 6

bones of the cranial vault

Back 6

sphenoid
occipital
frontal
temporal (2)
parietal (2)

SOFTP

Front 7

bones of the cranial base

Back 7

ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal (2), occipital

TOES

Front 8

bones of the face

Back 8

maxillary (2)
lacrimal (2)
nasal (2)
interior nasal concha (2)
zygomatic (2)
palatine (2)
ethmoid
vomer
mandible

MNP LIZ VEM

Front 9

major subdivisions of the skull

Back 9

facial (splanchnocranium)

neurocranium- comprised of cranial vault and cranial base

Front 10

bones containing sinuses

Back 10

frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
sphenoid

FEMS

Front 11

premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures

Back 11

craniosynostosis
- typically associated with craniofacial deformities/syndrome

Front 12

ceph landmark at midline point on the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

Back 12

Basion

Front 13

ceph landmark at piont where the coronal and sagittal sutures join

Back 13

Bregma

Front 14

ceph landmark at the most anterior region of the cranial vault (forehead). Located in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges

Back 14

glabella

Front 15

ceph landmark at the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline

Back 15

gnathion

Front 16

ceph landmark at the most posterior, inferior and lateral point at the angle of the mandible

Back 16

gnonion

Front 17

ceph landmark at the junction of the midline and the superior nucal line

Back 17

inion

Front 18

ceph landmark at the point corresponding to the middle of the frontonasal suture

Back 18

nasion

Front 19

ceph landmark at the most lateral and superior point on the external auditory meatus

Back 19

porion

Front 20

ceph landmark region corresponding to the junction of the sphenoid, temporal, frontal, and parietal bones

Back 20

pterion

Front 21

formed when several peripheral nerves join together and separates into new nerves more organized

Back 21

nerve plexus

Front 22

the 12 cranial nerves

Back 22

I- olfactory
II- optic
III- oculomotor
IV- trochlear
V- trigeminal
VI- abducens
VII- Facial
VIII- vestibulochochlear
IX- glossopharyngeal
X- vagus
XI- accessory
XII- Hypoglossal

Front 23

what autonomic efferent nerves innervate

Back 23

1. smooth muscle
2. cardiac muscle
3. glands

Front 24

can be referred to as secretomotor

Back 24

general visceral efferent

Front 25

where sympathetic autonomic preganglionic cell bodies lie

Back 25

lateral horn of T1-L2

Front 26

where sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies lie (and the exception)

Back 26

sympathetic trunk (except for splanchnic nerves)

Front 27

where preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetics come from

Back 27

nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
3,7, 9, 10
sacral 2, 3, 4

Front 28

NT released from sympathetic preganglionic neuron

Post ganglionic?

Back 28

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine

Front 29

NT released from parasympathetic preganglionic neuron

post ganglionic?

Back 29

Acetylcholine

Front 30

number of each type of vertebrae

Back 30

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4 Coccygeal

Front 31

sway back

humpback

lateral curvature

Back 31

lumbar lordosis

thoracic kyphosis

scoliosis

Front 32

makes up the vertebral arch of a vertebrae

Back 32

lamina and pedicle

Front 33

makes the vertebral canal

Back 33

arch and body

Front 34

2 types of vertebral ligaments and what they connect

Back 34

longitudinal (connects bodies)

flavum (connect laminae)

Front 35

what makes up the intervertebral foramen

Back 35

superior and inferior vertebral notch

Front 36

nods the head up and down

Back 36

Atlas (C1)

Front 37

rotates the head to shake "no"

Back 37

Axis (C2)

Front 38

vertebral arteries go through this

Back 38

transverse processi of the cervical vertebrae up to the brain

Front 39

what makes up the vertebral canal

Back 39

multiple vertebral foramina

Front 40

two parts of the intervertebral disc

Back 40

nucleus pulposus (gelatenous inner substance)
annulus fibrosis (outer)

Front 41

muscles innervated by the dorsal primary ramus

Back 41

the deep, true muscles of the back--> extensors and rotators of neck and back

splenus capitis
semispinalus capitis

Erector spinae (intercostal/longissimus/spinalis)

transversospinalis (multifidi/rotators)

Front 42

set of small muscles that helps rotate the head that is deep to the splenious capitis

Back 42

suboccipital triangle

Front 43

where the vertebral artery is found in neck

Back 43

suboccipital triangle

Front 44

where adult spinal cord stops

Back 44

between L1 and L2

Front 45

where newborn spinal cord stops

Back 45

between L2 and L3

Front 46

where the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements of the spinal cord are

Back 46

C4-T1

L2-S3

Front 47

how many pairs of spinal nerves and how're they broken up

Back 47

8 Cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 Coccygeal

Front 48

where do spinal nerve pairs lie in relation to their vertebrae

Back 48

most lie inferior except all the cranial nerves lie superior (nerve 8 lies inferior to C7)

Front 49

belly button dermatome

middle finger dermatome

Back 49

T10

C7

Front 50

where the end of the spinal cord begins to narrow

Back 50

conus medullaris

Front 51

connective tissue ligament at the tip of the conus medullaris

Back 51

filum terminale

Front 52

nerves + filum terminale at the end of the spinal cord

Back 52

Cauda Equina

Front 53

3 layers of the menenges

Back 53

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

Front 54

all 3 menenges come together at this vertebrae to form this structure

Back 54

S2 Coccygeal Ligament

Front 55

lateral off the spinal cord that acts like a staple for all 3 layers of menenges

Back 55

denticulate ligaments

Front 56

where cerebrospinal fluid and aa. is located

Back 56

subarachnoid space

Front 57

found in the epidural space

Back 57

fat and veins

Front 58

artery supply to the spinal cord

Back 58

1 anterior spinal artery/ 2 posterior spinal arteries (branching from vertebral arteries)

Front 59

assisted in blood supply and drainage to the spinal cord

Back 59

radicular arteries

venous vertebral plexus drains

Front 60

potential space between dura and arachnoid mater

Back 60

subdural space

Front 61

Median N. affects

Back 61

flexors and the wrist, pronation
thumb opposition

flexion of digits 1,2 &3
cutaneous sensation of 1, 2, 3, and lateral 1/4 of 4

Front 62

lower end of the arachnoid sac surrounding the cauda equina

Back 62

lumbar cistern

Front 63

Radial N. innervates

Back 63

extensors and posterior cutaneous sensation of arm/forearm/hand

supinator

Front 64

bursa that cushions the tendon of supraspinatus muscle from the acromion

Back 64

subacromial bursa

Front 65

Ulnar N. affects

Back 65

flexion of digits 4 and 5

cutaneous sensation of 5 and medial 1/2 of 4

intrinsic hand muscles

Front 66

bursa that cushions the subscapularis muscle tendon from the humerus and the scapula

Back 66

subscapular bursa

Front 67

Axillary N. innervates

Back 67

deltoid and teres minor

Front 68

2 components of the shoulder joint capsule

Back 68

fibrous capsule (thin, from glenoid cavity to neck of the humerus

synovial capsule- lines interior of the fibrous capsule

Front 69

musculocutaneous N. innervates

Back 69

flexors of the arm and antebrachium

Front 70

where the greatest risk of dislocation of shoulder is

Back 70

inferiorly- little strength is present

Front 71

commonly occurs when there is a backward pull on the arm that catches the muscles unprepared to resist or overwhelms the muscles

Back 71

shoulder dislocation

Front 72

occurs where the clavicle meets the scapula. when ligaments that hold the joint together are partially or completely torn, outer end of clavicle may slip out of place

Back 72

shoulder separation

Front 73

can cause pain over the deltoid muscle, shoulder may feel weak

Back 73

torn rotator cuff

Front 74

inflammation of the rotator cuff and/or biceps tendon usually as a result of being pinched by surrounding structures

Back 74

tendonitis of the shoulder

Front 75

only joint where upper limb articulates with axial skeleton

Back 75

sternoclavicular

Front 76

nerves and vessels of the anterior shoulder

Back 76

1. cephalic vein
2. thoracoacromial artery and vein
3. medial and lateral pectoral nerves
4. long thoracic nerve

Front 77

what makes up the boundary of the deltopectoral triangle?

what goes into it?

Back 77

pec major, deltoid, and clavicle

cephalic vein

Front 78

blood supply to the breast

Back 78

internal thoracic artery
intercostal arteries
lateral thoracic branch of axillary artery

Front 79

lymphatic drainage of the breast

Back 79

75% to axillary nodes

Front 80

boundaries of the axilla
medial
lateral
anterior
posterior
base
apex

Back 80

medial: serratus anterior
lateral wall: intertubercular groove of the humerus
anterior wall: pec major, pec minor
posterior wall: subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
base: fascia/skin covering axillary fossa (armpit)
apex: aperture opening into base of neck: bounded by first rib, clavicle and scapula

Front 81

4 contents of axilla

Back 81

axillary artery
axillary vein
brachial plexus
lymph nodes

Front 82

where axillary artery begins and ends

Back 82

subclavian-->axillary begins after first rib
end after teres major-> brachial artery

Front 83

branches of the 1st part of the axillary artery

Back 83

superior thoracic artery (proximal to pectoralis minor m.)

Front 84

branches of the 2nd part of the axillary artery

Back 84

thoracoacromial artery
lateral thoracic artery

Front 85

branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery

Back 85

subscapular artery (circumflex scapular artery/ thoracodorsal artery)

anterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery

Front 86

where long thoracic nerve lies

Back 86

superficial to serratus anterior (which it innervates)

Front 87

vein that receives the cephalic vein and 2 parallel companion veins of the deep brachial vv

Back 87

axillary vein

Front 88

removal of the entire breast, but leaves nipple and areola in place

Back 88

subcutaneous mastectomy

Front 89

removal of the whole breast but not lymph nodes under the arm

Back 89

total (or simple) mastectomy

Front 90

removal of the whole breast and most of the lymph nodes under the arm

Back 90

modified radical mastectomy

Front 91

removal of the chest wall muscles in addition to breast and axillary lymph nodes

Back 91

radical mastectomy

Front 92

removal of the breast cancer tumor and a surrounding margin of normal breast tissue

Back 92

lumpectomy

Front 93

3 trunks of brachial plexus are comprised of what roots

Back 93

upper: C5 C6

middle: C7

lower trunk (C8 and T1)

Front 94

how the 3 cords of brachial plexus are formed

Back 94

posterior formed by 3 posterior divisions

lateral formed by anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunk (2)

medial cord formed by one anterior division of the lower trunk

Front 95

major nerves of posterior cord

Back 95

axillary
radial

Front 96

major nerves of lateral cord

Back 96

musculocutaneous
lateral root of median nerve

Front 97

major nerves of medial terminal branches

Back 97

medial root of median nerve
ulnar nerve

Front 98

supraclavicular aspecets of the brachial plexus and associated roots/trunk

Back 98

dorsal scapular nerve (C5 root)

long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7 roots)

suprascapular nerve (upper trunk)

nerve to subclavius (upper trunk)

Front 99

infaclavicular branches of brachial plexus and associated cord

Back 99

lateral cord- lateral pectoral nerve

medial cord- medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

posterior cord- upper and lower subscapular nerves, thoracodorsal nerve

Front 100

the 5 roots of the brachial plexus lie

Back 100

between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Front 101

the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus cross

Back 101

the posterior triangle of the neck

Front 102

location of the 6 divisions of the brachial plexus

Back 102

pass under the clavicle

Front 103

the 3 cords of the brachial plexus surround ______ and lie ______ to this muscle

Back 103

the axillary artery and lie deep to the pectoralis minor

Front 104

the radial nerve innervates

Back 104

Innervates the posterior (extensor) compartment of the brachium, antebrachium, and hand.
Innervates triceps in the brachium

supinator

Front 105

4 parts of the breast

Back 105

nipple/areola
glandular tissue (15-20 lobules)
lactiferous ducts and sinuses
suspensory ligaments

Front 106

25% of breast lymph drainage goes to

Back 106

supraclavicular, contralateral breast, parasternal, abdominal lymph nodes

Front 107

names of the axillary vein

Back 107

basilica vein from lower border of teres major, subclavian vein superior to 1st rib

Front 108

muscles that attach axial skeleton to shoulder girdle

Back 108

posterior: levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboids

anterior: pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

(3 each, 6 total)

Front 109

muscles that attach axial skeleton to humerus

Back 109

latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major

Front 110

muscles that attach shoulder girdle to humerus

Back 110

posterior: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

anterior: subscapular

extensors: teres major, deltoid, tricep long head

flexors: coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

Front 111

nerves from lateral cord only

Back 111

Lower Subscapular
Upper Subscapular

Front 112

nerves from lateral and posterior cord origins

Back 112

lateral pectoral
musculocutaneous

Front 113

nerves from lateral, posterior, and medial cord origins

Back 113

Thoracodorsal
Median
Radial
Axillary

Front 114

nerves from medial cord origins

Back 114

medial pectoral
medial brachial cutaneous
medial antebrachial cutaneous
ulnar

Front 115

Sympathetic Vs Parasympathetic

Duration:
Salivation:
vaso_____ in the head

Back 115

Sympathetic
long, diffuse duration
thick, viscous secretions
vasoconstriction

parasympathetic
localized, short duration
watery secretions
vasodilation in the head

Front 116

purpose of longitudinal ligaments in vertebral column

Back 116

prevent hyperextention/ hyperflexion of column

Front 117

innervates the suboccipital region

Back 117

DPR of C1

Front 118

strengthens shoulder joint along with rotator cuff

Back 118

glenohumeral ligaments

Front 119

muscles, blood supplies, and nerves of flexor compartment of brachium

Back 119

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

brachial artery,brachial vein

musculocutaneous nerve
median and ulnar nerve pass through

Front 120

muscles, artery, nerve of extensory compartment of brachium

Back 120

triceps brachii

profunda brachii artery (first branch of brachial artery)

radial nerve

Front 121

superficial veins to know in the brachium

Back 121

cephalic vein (lateral)

median cubital vein

basilic vein (medial)

Front 122

primary contents of the cubital fossa

Back 122

biceps tendon, brachial artery, median and radial nerves

Front 123

2 joints of the elbow

what joint is continuous with it?

Back 123

humeroradial joint, humeroulnar joint

proximal radioulnar joint (pivot joint)

Front 124

strengthens the elbow joint

Back 124

collateral ligaments

Front 125

movements of the radioulnar joint

the elbow?

Back 125

supination and pronation

flexion and extension of forearm

Front 126

cause of tennis elbow

Back 126

wrist extensors that all attach to lateral epicondyle (lateral epicondylitis) become swollen, painful due to strain, overuse, etc.

Front 127

most common dislocation in children

Back 127

elbow (shoulders for adults)

Front 128

injury to the ulnar nerve can cause what syndrome

Back 128

cubital tunnel syndrome

ulnar nerve entrapment (inflamed nerve will swell, becomes trapped in cubital tunnel)

Front 129

examples of fibrous joints

Back 129

cranial suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

Front 130

examples of cartilaginous joints

Back 130

synchondroses, symphysis